A consumer with a fixed income will maximize utility when each good is purchased in amounts such that the: O a. marginal utility of each good is maximized. O b. marginal ut ility per dollar spent is maximized for each good. O c. marginal utility per dollar spent is the same for all goods. O d. total utility is the same for each good.
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- COURSE: MICROECONOMICS - PRODUCTION THEORY Suppose a company engaged in manufacture of wheat whose production function is represented by: Q =10KL.In addition, firm must pay wages of $200 and rent on capital is $600. It is known that firm has a budget of $30,000 for cheese production.a) Calculate break-even point of both factors of production and graph itb) What will happen if minimum wage is now fixed at $300? Graph itc) Assuming that new minimum wage at point b) is maintained and, assuming that investor demands a capital rent of $900, explain what happens to optimal factor level. Graph itReturn to the example in Figure 2.4. Suppose there is an improvement in medical technology that enables more healthcare wilt line same amount of resources. How would this affect the production possibilities curve and, in particular, how would it affect the opportunity cost of education? Figure 2.4 Productive and Allocative EfficiencyWhy is a production possibilities frontier typically drawn as a curve, rather than a straight line?
- The following tables show a small firm’s long-run average cost of manufacturing a good at two differentplants: able1: Plant 1Quantity Total cost Average cost Marginal cost 1 33 2 89 3 147 4 207 5 270 6 338 Table2: Plant 2 Quantity Total cost Marginal cost Average cost 1 32 2 64 3 102 4 142 5 187 6 239 7 297 8 357 9 419a. Complete the third and fourth columns of each table.b. Suppose the price of the good is $60. How many units should the firm produce in each plant tomaximize profit?c. Compute and compare the profits the firm can make if it produces the optimal quantity at eachplant.15) If the average cost (AC) of producing a good is increasing as a firm produces moreoutput (q), then which of the following must be TRUE?A) AFC is falling; AVC is rising; MC > AVCB) AFC is falling; AVC is falling; MC > AVCC) AFC is rising; AVC is rising; MC > AVCD) AFC is rising; AVC is rising; MC < AVCE) AFC is falling; AVC is falling; MC < AVC1. A firm is said to be earning normal profit whenever:A. Accounting profit is zero.B. Economic profit is positive.C. Accounting profit is positive.D. Total revenue equals explicit and implicit costs.2. If a 10% increase in inputs results in a 20% increase in output, then the firm is said to exhibit:A. Diseconomies of scaleB. Diminishing marginal returns to scaleC. Constant returns to scaleD. Economies of scale3. Economists have traditionally attempted to avoid the trap of:A. Thinking in terms of total utility.B. Computing marginal utilityC. Making interpersonal utility comparisons.D. None of the above.4. According to the water-diamond paradoxA. Water has a lower MU than Diamond.B. Water has a higher TU than Diamond.C. Prices reflect MU and not TUD. All of the above.
- Set all variables to their baseline values.9) At what level of output is average cost a minimum?10) What is average cost (AC) at that output?11) What is marginal cost (MC) at that output? BASELINE COSTS TC (BASE) $175,113 AC (BASE) $43.78 MC (BASE) $64.12 NEW COSTS TC (NEW) $175,113 AC (NEW) $43.78 MC (NEW) $64.12 POLICY VARIABLES Output 4,000 Fixed cost 25,000 Tax per unit $0.00 AC(NEW)-MC(NEW) -$20.34The nation of Ectenia has 20 competitive appleorchards, all of which sell apples at the world priceof $2 per apple. The following equations describethe production function and the marginal product oflabor in each orchard:100100 2 ,2 5 25 2Q L LMPL Lwhere Q is the number of apples produced in a day,L is the number of workers, and MPL is the marginalproduct of labor.a. What is each orchard’s labor demand as a functionof the daily wage W? What is the market’s labordemand?b. Ectenia has 200 workers who supply their laborinelastically. Solve for the wage W. How manyworkers does each orchard hire? How much profitdoes each orchard owner make?c. Calculate what happens to the income of workersand orchard owners if the world price doubles to$4 per apple.d. Now suppose that the price is back at $2 perapple but a hurricane destroys half the orchards.Calculate how the hurricane affects the income ofeach worker and of each remaining orchard owner.What happens to the income of Ectenia as a whole?(a) Derive the first order condition showing how much labor and capital a producer should use to minimize the total costs of producing a given level of output. (b) What is the second order condition for the producer to achieve (a). (c) Draw a figure showing your answer to part (a) and another figure showing the opposite (i.e., a producer maximizing output with given total costs). How does either situation compare with a producer who has neither a total output constraint or a total cost constraint?
- Many businesses taco increasing marginal costs because___ O A. in order to increase output, you have to purchase more inputs.O B. a business may have to shift to more expensive sources of inputs in order to increase output.O C. most businesses are not near capacity.OD. when the price falls, output increases.7) A company with production technology y = K 0.5. L 0.5, where y, Ki L are, respectively, the units of product, capital and labor. If the price of a unit of work is € 5 and that of a unit of capital is € 2.5 and the company is using 100 units of capital and 25 units of labor then Choose one: A. We cannot make any claims as to whether or not the company is producing efficiently B. We can say that the company is producing inefficiently: It uses too much capital C. The combination of labor and capital is not achievable by the company D. We can say that the company is producing inefficiently: it uses too much work E. We can say that the company is producing efficiently1. If the marginal product of an input is falling, then what must be true? Average fixed costs must be constant. Marginal cost must be rising. Average total cost must be constant. Marginal cost must be constant. 2. If Captain America and Thor decide to specialize, who should specialize in each good? Captain America should specialize in shields. Thor should specialize in hammers. Thor should specialize in both goods. Captain America should specialize in both goods. Captain America should specialize in hammers. Thor should specialize in shields. 3. Aditya regularly consumes two goods, which we’ll call good X and good Y. One day, the price of good X decreases. As a result, Aditya decreases his consumption of good Y. Based only on this information, goods X and Y seem to be: Substitutes for each other Complements for each other Normal goods Inferior goods