Memory (address space) is set aside at program startup to store things like text, data, and data structures (stack, heap). Describe the applications of stacks and heaps, and what the limits on their use are for a given process.

Implement a stack data structure in Java and demonstrate its usage by performing the following subparts: a) Explain the principles and working of a stack data structure. b) Implement the stack data structure in Java, including its operations: push, pop, and peek. c) Provide an example scenario where the stack data structure can be used effectively and demonstrate its usage. d) Analyze the time and space complexity of the stack operations and discuss their efficiency.

Describe the potential consequences of a stack overflow in a software application.

What consequences are there for the failed construction of a stack resource?

Refer to the given program. Draw a diagram to represent the following stack operations, step-by-step as the program executes. Show the output, if any. Explain your answer

Explain how a primitive data is stored in memory compared to how a reference data is stored in terms of stack and heap memory.

Design a sorting algorithm that takes in as input a stack of comparable elements and returns the data in a sorted stack. This stack should have the smallest element as its first element, and the largest element as the top element. The only data structure you can use in this design is a stack structure as we defined in class (i.e. you cannot push all the data into an array, sort that array, and then push that array into the result stack), but you may make use of temporary datapoints and the standard Boolean operations (<, >, <=, >=, ==, !=). These temporary datapoints can include a temp stack. What is the run time of your algorithm?

Coprocessors: What precisely are they?

As a program is started, it allocates memory (address space) to store its many components, such as its code, data, and data structures (stack, heap). Talk about the different applications of stacks and heaps, and how many of them a single process may have.

Detail how arrays and linked lists handle memory fragmentation.