Mitochondrial DNA is especially vulnerable to ROS. Suggest several DNA-protecting mechanisms that you would expect to find in mitochondria.
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Mitochondrial DNA is especially vulnerable to ROS. Suggest several DNA-protecting
mechanisms that you would expect to find in mitochondria.
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- Why is it reasonable that eukaryotes have aDNA polymerase (Pol ) that operates only in mitochondria?Describe the types of cellular damage caused by ROS.The cyanobacterium Oscillatoria sancta appears reddish-brown when grown under green light but alters its gene expression patterns and becomes blue-green when grown under red light. Explain this observation.
- The structure of adenylate cyclase is similar to the structures of some types of DNA polymerases, suggesting that these enzymes derived from a common ancestor. Compare the reactions catalyzed by these two enzymes. In what ways are they similar?Discuss the consequences that would result in nuclear export/import if RanGTPase was mutated.E. coli DNA polymerase III synthesizes two new DNA strands during replication, yet it possesses three catalytic subunits. Why has this been adaptive for the cell over evolutionary time
- An archaeon (Sulfolobus acidocaldarius) found in acidic hot springs contains a topoisomerase that catalyzes the ATP-driven introduction of positive supercoils into DNA. How might this enzyme be advantageous to this unusual organism?Compare and contrast the function of hsp 70 and hsp 60 chaperones.Suppose that a mutation in bacteria resulted in the diminished activity of methionine adenosyltransferase, the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of SAM from methionine and ATP. Predict how this diminished activity might affect the stability of the mutated bacteria’s DNA.
- Unlike linker DNA and deproteinized DNA, DNA segments wrapped around histone cores are relatively resistant to the hydrolytic actions of nucleases. Explain.Human histone H1 protein has the protein sequence as shown as “KKASKPKKAAS- KAPTKKPKATPVKKAKKKLAATPKKAKKPKTVKAPVKASKPKKAKPVK” Please propose pathway the degradation of this protein.The cytochrome P450 system metabolizes many medicinally useful drugs. Although all human beings have the same number of P450 genes, individual polymorphisms exist that alter the specificity and efficiency of the proteins encoded by the genes. How could knowledge of individual polymorphisms be useful clinically?