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- A large population of moths contains 35% white moths caused by the double recessive genotype, bb.What are all the allelic and genotypic frequencies for this population?Frequency of thedominant alleleFrequency of therecessive allele% homozygous dominant% homozygous recessive% heterozygousAncestry prediction in 23 & Me is continuously updated as new individuals aregenotyped. This can change an individual’s personal predicted ancestry by refining theregion of ancestral origins or potentially identifying a less common ancestry in the lineage.This can similarly happen with animals where new breeds are identified in an individual’sancestry as new breeds are genotyped. Explain how ancestry prediction is done and howthat prediction can change as more individuals are genotyped.6. You have identified an autosomal gene that contributesto tail size in male guppies, with a dominant allele B forlarge tails and a recessive allele b for small tails. Femaleguppies of all genotypes have similar tail sizes. Youknow that female guppies usually mate with males withthe largest tails, but the effects of population densityand the ratio of the sexes on this preference have notbeen studied. You therefore place an equal number ofmales in three tanks. In tank 1, the number of femalesis twice the number of males. In tank 2, the numbers ofmales and females are equal. In tank 3, half as manyfemales as males are present. After mating, you findthe following proportions of small-tailed males amongthe progeny: tank 1, 16%; tank 2, 25%; tank 3, 30%.a. In your original population (before the animals wereplaced in the three tanks), 25% of the males havesmall tails. Assuming that the allele frequencies inmales and females are the same, calculate the frequencies of B and b in your…
- In domesticated dogs, size has a high heritability, andthe trait is determined by only a small number ofgenes. In contrast, genetic variation at more than180 QTLs explains only a very small proportion ofthe high heritability for height in humans. What couldexplain the missing heritability in humans, and howcould you test your hypothesized explanations?The human MN blood type is determined by two codominant alleles, LMand LN. The frequency of LM in Eskimos on a small Arctic island is0.80.a. If random mating takes place in this population, what are the expectedfrequencies of the M, MN, and N blood types on the island?b. If the inbreeding coefficient for this population is 0.05, what are theexpected frequencies of the M, MN, and N blood types on the island?Colorblindness is sex-linked. In a human population at equilibrium the frequency of colorblindfemales is 40 per 1000 females. a. What is the frequency of colorblind males?b. What proportion of the females of the population would be heterozygotes?
- Different species of crickets have distinct songs, andthey use these songs for mate recognition. Researcherscrossed two species of Hawaiian crickets (Laupala paranigra and L. kohalensis) whose songs are distinguishedby pulse rate (the number of pulses per second; Shaw etal., Molecular Ecology 16, 2007, 2879–2892.) Then, theymapped QTL in the F2 population derived from thiscross. Six autosomal QTL were detected. The mean traitvalues (pulses per second) at the three genotypic classesin the F2 for each QTL are shown in the table below,where P indicates the L. paranigra allele and K indicatesthe L. kohalensis allele.a. Calculate the additive (A) and dominance (D) effectsand the D/A ratio for each of the six QTL.b. Which of these QTL shows the greatest amount ofdominance?c. Which of these has the largest additive effect?d. The mean pulse rate for L. kohalensis is 3.72, and it is0.71 for L. paranigra. Do all six QTL act in the expecteddirection with the L. kohalensis allele conferring a…Natural Selection Affects the Frequency of Genetic Disorders Will a recessive allele that is lethal in the homozygous condition ever be completely removed from a large population by natural selection?The allele for a window's peak (hairline) is dominant over the allele for the straight hairline. In a population of 500 individuals, 25% show the recessive phenotype. How many individuals would you expect to be homozygous dominant and heterozygous for the trait?
- Based on our current understanding of human biological variation, explain why different human “races” do not exist biologically. Explain why the “race” concept has no scientific basis. How can we, as a society, unlearn the outdated, unscientific ideas about “race”?You are studying gene Q/q in two populations of great white sharks. In one population most individuals have genotype QQ, and in the other population most individuals have the genotype qq. If there is some migration from each population into the other, how will this affect genotype frequencies?Inbreeding in a population causes a deviation fromHardy–Weinberg expectations such that there aremore homozygotes than expected. For a locus with arare deleterious allele at a frequency of 0.04, whatwould be the frequency of homozygotes for the deleterious allele in populations with inbreeding coefficientsof F = 0.0 and F = 0.125?