Mutations in the ribosomal protein gene RPS19 have been found to be associated with Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA), a rare syndrome that disrupts erythropoiesis, the process by which new red blood cells are produced. Which of the following provides the most likely explanation for the connection between a mutation in RPS19 and a disruption in erythropoiesis? A B с D The ribosomes in the cell are unable to package and transfer the components that are required for erythropoiesis. The ribosomes in the cell are unable to facilitate the movement of nutrients that are re- quired for erythropoiesis across the cell membrane. The ribosomes in the cell are unable to correctly synthesize the proteins that are re- sponsible for erythropoiesis. The ribosomes in the cell are unable to effectively produce the ATP that is required for

Mutations in the ribosomal protein gene RPS19 have been found to be associated with Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA), a rare syndrome that disrupts erythropoiesis, the process by which new red blood cells are produced. Which of the following provides the most likely explanation for the connection between a mutation in RPS19 and a disruption in erythropoiesis? A B с D The ribosomes in the cell are unable to package and transfer the components that are required for erythropoiesis. The ribosomes in the cell are unable to facilitate the movement of nutrients that are re- quired for erythropoiesis across the cell membrane. The ribosomes in the cell are unable to correctly synthesize the proteins that are re- sponsible for erythropoiesis. The ribosomes in the cell are unable to effectively produce the ATP that is required for

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter9: Cell Communication

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1ITD

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It is not an easy matter to assign particular func-tions to specific components of the basal lamina, sincethe overall structure is a complicated composite materialwith both mechanical and signaling properties. Nidogen,for example, cross-links two central components of thebasal lamina by binding to the laminin γ-1 chain and totype IV collagen. Given such a key role, it was surprisingthat mice with a homozygous knockout of the gene fornidogen-1 were entirely healthy, with no abnormal phe-notype. Similarly, mice homozygous for a knockout of thegene for nidogen-2 also appeared completely normal. Bycontrast, mice that were homozygous for a defined muta-tion in the gene for laminin γ-1, which eliminated just thebinding site for nidogen, died at birth with severe defectsin lung and kidney formation. The mutant portion of thelaminin γ-1 chain is thought to have no other functionthan to bind nidogen, and does not affect laminin struc-ture or its ability to assemble into the basal lamina.…
The inner leaflet (monolayer) of the human erythrocyte membrane consists predominantly of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine. The outer leaflet consists predominantly of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin. Although the phospholipid components of the membrane can diffuse in the fluid bilayer, this sidedness is preserved at all times. How?
One form of anemia results when individuals have a deficiency in the enzyme phosphatidylinositol glycan A (PIGA). This enzyme is required for the membrane attachment of proteins anchored by glycolipids to the plasma membrane, using what is called a ‘GPI-linkage.’ Included in the group of GPI-linked cell surface proteins is DAF/CD55. These individuals become anemic because: DAF/CD55 prevents the lysis of red blood cells by infecting pathogens. DAF/CD55 normally prevents the spleen from clearing healthy red blood cells from the circulation. In the absence of PIGA, the red blood cell membrane is bare of proteins allowing increased access of complement activating proteins to attach to the cell membrane. DAF/CD55 is a complement inhibitory protein that inactivates any C3 convertase that may form on host cell surfaces. In the absence of PIGA, red blood cells are unable to synthesize high levels of hemoglobin.
The cistrenal space of ER is continuous with prenuclear space between the two membranes of the nuclear envelope and can communicate with the internal spaces of the golgi complex and lysosome by means of _______ that shuttle between these structures.
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane-conductance regulator) gene, which encodes the CFTR protein. The cells of the lining of the lungs contain high levels of the CFTR protein in their membranes. Normally, CFTR contains a chloride ion channel, which permits chloride ions to pass from inside the cells to the cells’ surfaces. The surface chloride ions are able to attract water in the lungs, allowing for the formation of a water layer on the cells’ surfaces. This thin water layer is necessary to allow the cilia, the tiny hairs on the surface of the lining cells to move back and forth easily. This motion permits the removal of mucus from the lungs. A particular error in the CFTR gene results in the replacement of the amino acid Phe with Ser at residue 508 of the CFTR protein. Individuals afflicted with CF most often experience the presence of thick, dry and sticky mucus in the lungs, leading to chronic infections and…
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In the classic 1950s recording by David Rogers , Rogers shows a white bloodcell chasing a bacterium through a field of red blood cells. Describe themechanism associated with this movement. In your answer, name the stages aswell as the associated proteins involved in the generalized mechanism.