10. In eukaryotic cells, glycosylation activity of membrane proteins is found in the lumen ofthe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is accomplished by the enzyme oligosaccharyltransferase (OST), which adds oligosaccharides to the amino group of Asn residues of theconsensus sequence Asn-X-Thr/Ser.a. The following ER membrane protein construct has a cytosolic N-terminal regionand a membrane-spanning variable sequence. The variable sequence is a signalanchor (SA) sequence. Would you expect the C-terminal region of the B subunitto be glycosylated? Why or why not?variable sequence C-terminalregion ofB-subunitN-terminalregionb. An additional transmembrane region is added to the construct prior to the variablesequence, as shown below. The transmembrane is a signal anchor (SA) sequence,while the variable sequence is a stop transfer anchor (STA) sequence. Would youexpect the C-terminal region of the B subunit to be glycosylated? Why or whynot?C-terminalregion ofB-subunitvariable sequenceN-terminalregiontransmembranesegmentPage 10 of 10

Introduction: Cytosolic N terminal region meant it is extended towards the cytosol. The membrane…

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Biology 2e

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Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Chapter16: Gene Expression

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3VCQ: Figure 16.13 An increase in phosphorylation levels of elF-2 has been observed in patients with...

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1. Researchers have discovered a new membrane protein that has three transmembrane domain αhelixes that span the lipid bilayer. a. If the lipid bilayer is 30 Å thick, what is the smallest number of amino acid residues that can be in each α-helixes for them to be long enough to span the bilayer? b. If one of the three α-helixes is titled at a 32° angle relative to an axis perpendicular to the surface of the lipid bilayer, what is the smaller number of amino acid helixes required for that helix to still span the lipid bilayer? c. How many hydrogen bonding interactions would there be in the smallest possible tilted transmembrane α-helix? d. If the tilted α-helix was a 310 helix instead how many amino acid residues would be required to span the lipid bilayer? How many amino acid residues would be required if it was a π-helix?
20. The transferrin receptor is an integral membrane protein that crosses the plasma membrane, with portions of the protein extending both outside and into the interior of the cell. The amino acid side chains (R groups) in the region of the protein that crosses the membrane are most likely. a. charged b. hydrophilic c. hydrophobic d. carbohydrates e. lipids.
1a-Membrane bound proteins often contain transmembrane domains. These transmembrane domains contain higher amounts of which of the following. Select all that apply. Select one or more: a. Non polar amino acids b. Polar amino acids c.Polar charged amino acids d. Amino acids with hydrophillic residues (R groups) 1b-In most cases, the major function of protein kinases is to: Select one: Oa.Add phosphate groups to certain proteins O b. Hydrolyze GTP to GDP O c. Add CAMP to adenylyl cyclase O d. Facilitate binding of signalling molecules to the associated membrane bound receptor.
Figure 16.13 An increase in phosphorylation levels of elF-2 has been observed in patients with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson's, and Huntington's. What impact do you think this might have on protein synthesis?
1. What is the length in AA’s of the LilP protein? Assume fMet is NOT CLEAVED. 2. Write out the sequence of the polypeptide in AA: use the three letter notation, e.g. Met-Ser-Pro-
9. Many protein modifications take place in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Name one ER enzyme (and state its role) that functions to modify a protein.
1. One type of vertebrate cell that is thought to lack integrins is the erythrocyte (red blood cell).Does this surprise you? Why or why not? 2. How are integrins able to link the cell surface with materials that make up the ECM? How do the inactive and active structures of integrins differ from one another structurally and functionally? What is the significance of the presence of an RGD motif in an integrin ligand?
Sequence analysis of a membrane protein shows four 20-amino acid long stretches of residues that are predominantly hydrophobic. Between each of these stretches of hydrodophobic residues, a stretch of predominantly hydrophilic residues is found. From this observation one can reasonably postulate that: A. this is a peripheral membrane protein which interacts with the membrane via hydrophobic interactions B. this protein has 4 alpha helical segments that span the membrane C. this protein can be removed from the membrane by dramatically increasing the salt concentration. D. this is a 4 stranded beta barrel which spans the membrane E. this is a glycoprotein
Sequence analysis of a membrane protein shows four 20-amino acid long stretches of residues that are predominantly hydrophobic. Between each of these stretches of hydrodophobic residues, a stretch of predominantly hydrophilic residues is found. From this observation one can reasonably postulate that: A. this is a peripheral membrane protein which interacts with the membrane via hydrophobic interactions B. this protein has 4 alpha helical segments that span the membrane C. this protein can be removed from the membrane by dramatically increasing the salt concentration. D. this is a 4 stranded beta barrel which spans the membrane E. this is a glycoprotein Facilitated diffusion (passive transport) through a biological membrane is A. driven by a concentration gradient. B. generally irreversible. C. endergonic. D. driven by the ATP to ADP conversion
1. What determines the affinity of a glycan for a GBP?
The lipid portion of a typical bilayer is about 30 Å thick. (a) Calculate the minimum number of residues in an α-helix required tospan this distance. (b) Calculate the minimum number of residues in a β-strand required to span this distance. (c) Explain why α-helices are most commonly observed in transmembrane protein sequences when the distance from one side of a membrane to the other can be spanned by significantly fewer amino acids in aβ-strand conformation. (d) The epidermal growth factor receptor has a single transmembrane helix. Find it in this partial sequence: . . . RGPKIPSIATGMVGALLLLVVALGIGILFMRRRH . .
6. A carrot, when dried out, becomes soft. There is a way to make it firm and crisp. Explain how and why, using the following guidelines. a) Draw and label a representative cell of the carrot, in its dried state. Be precise in your drawing. b)Describe the type of extracellular solution that is appropriate to add to make the desired change (name and define what type of solution, the net movements of solvent and solutes, etc.). c)Draw a representative cell of the carrot, in its possible state after the change. Represent the movement of water using an arrow to indicate what has happened.

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N-terminal region variable sequence C-terminal region of