
Systems Architecture
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781305080195
Author: Stephen D. Burd
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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What are the differences between an embedded system, an embedded control system, and a processor that processes instruction sets? Define these concepts and explain how they differ from one another.
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- If a microprocessor has a cycle time of 0.5 nanoseconds, what’s the processor clock rate? If the fetch cycle is 40% of the processor cycle time, what memory access speed is required to implement load operations with zero wait states and load operations with two wait states?arrow_forwardIdentify the three elements of a CPU and describe the role of each.arrow_forwardProcessor R is a 64-bit RISC processor with a 2 GHz clock rate. The average instruction requires one cycle to complete, assuming zero wait state memory accesses. Processor C is a CISC processor with a 1.8 GHz clock rate. The average simple instruction requires one cycle to complete, assuming zero wait state memory accesses. The average complex instruction requires two cycles to complete, assuming zero wait state memory accesses. Processor R can’t directly implement the complex processing instructions of Processor C. Executing an equivalent set of simple instructions requires an average of three cycles to complete, assuming zero wait state memory accesses. Program S contains nothing but simple instructions. Program C executes 70% simple instructions and 30% complex instructions. Which processor will execute program S more quickly? Which processor will execute program C more quickly? At what percentage of complex instructions will the performance of the two processors be equal?arrow_forward
- _____ is a CPU design technique in which instruction execution is divided into multiple stages and different instructions can execute in different stages simultaneously.arrow_forwardHow does pipelining improve CPU efficiency? What’s the potential effect on pipelining’s efficiency when executing a conditional BRANCH instruction? What techniques can be used to make pipelining more efficient when executing conditional BRANCH instructions?arrow_forwardWhat is a CPU? What are its primary components?arrow_forward
- The computer hardware industry is rapidly changing and highly competitive, creating an environment ripe for technological breakthroughs. The ___________ is the part of the computer that sequences and executes instructions. a. CPU b. memory c. bus d. input/output devicesarrow_forwardHow does a supercomputer differ from a mainframe computer?arrow_forwardA(n) ________________ instruction always alters the instruction execution sequence. A(n) ______________ instruction alters the instruction execution sequence only if a specified Condition is true.arrow_forward
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