Offer an explanation for the observation that 4-chloropyridine is more reactive toward nucleophiles than 3-chloropyridine.

Q: Explain why hydroxide ion catalyzes the reaction of piperidine with 2,4-dinitroanisole but has no…

A: In the reaction of piperidine with 2,4-dinitroanisole, the rate determining step is the removal of…

Q: Trimethylphosphine is a stronger nucleophile than triphenylphosphine, but it is rarely usedto make…

A: Given data :   Trimethylphosphine is a stronger nucleophile than triphenylphosphine, but it is…

Q: 1. NBS, acyl peroxide 2. t-BUOK, heat

A: First step of this reaction is allylic bromination.

Q: why is 12 M HCl added to the reaction mixture after the Williamson Ether Synthesis r

A: Williamson ether synthesis is used to prepare both symmetrical and unsymmetrical ether. When sodium…

Q: Give the appropriate reagents for each of the following synthetic conversions......?

A: Reaction 1 , 2,

Q: In the synthesis of 2-methyl-pentan-2-ol from pentan-2-one, the source of the nucleophile in…

A:

Q: Give a Grignard reaction where the following reagent will participate.

A: Grignard reagent is prepared by halocompounds reaction with magnesium. In these reactions, the bond…

Q: Differentiate between the following statements: 1. Nucleophilic 1,2 and 1,4 addition to a,ß-…

A: 1,2 and 1,4 nucleophilic addition reaction gives simple addition product. Both reaction undergo…

Q: How does the reactivity of an aldehyde or a ketone toward nucleophiles compare with thereactivity of…

A: Aldehydes are generally more reactive than ketones in nucleophilic addition reactions due to steric…

Q: Devise a synthetic strategy to complete the following transformation.

A: GIVEN:-

Q: Give reasons :(a) n-Butyl bromide has higher boiling point than f-butyl bromide.(b) Racemic mixture…

A: (a) n-Butyl bromide has a higher boiling point than t-butyl bromide. Reason: n-butyl bromide is a…

Q: What is the likely mechanism of nucleophilic substitution for attached alkyl halide?

A: As there is no attached alkyl halide in the question. So discuss general mechanism of nucleophilic…

Q: Why is the presence of acid necessary in the reaction of carbonyl compounds with certain…

A: Reaction of carbonyl (suppose acetone) with nucleophile like 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine follows…

Q: Explain how you would test the relative reactivities of 1‐butanol vs. 2‐butanol in a nucleophilic…

A: relative reactivities of 1‐butanol vs. 2‐butanol in a nucleophilic substitution with sodium bromide…

Q: Write the mechanism of the aliphatic nucleophilic substitution reaction between n-butanol and Br- in…

A:

Q: Draw the structure of the meso diol and of its corresponding acetonide.

A: Structure of meso-hydrobenzoin is:

Q: Why do we react β-naphthol with ethyl iodide rather than react ethyl alcohol with 2-Iodo…

A: Perfumes: The Synthesis of Nerolin. Today the pleasant fragrances of perfumes have found their way…

Q: Devise a synthetic strategy to complete the following transformation. но

A: Retrosynthetic analysis is that where we have try to generate target molecule from the ultimate…

Q: The reagent is a Grignard reagent and is a source of CH3CH2- anions. Which epoxide carbon will the…

A: The epoxides are strained and undergoes nucleophilic addition reaction with Grignard Reagent.

Q: Explain Reaction of Organometallic Reagents with Aldehydes and Ketones ?

A:

Q: Arrange the following in the order of decreasing reactivity towards a nucleophile (number them 1-5)…

A: We have to tell the reactivity order towards a nucleophile of the given carboxylic acid derivatives.…

Q: Explain trends in reactivity are observed during nucleophilic aromatic substitution ?

A: A nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction is taking place in presence of a nucleophile, in which…

Q: Rank the following compounds from greatest tendency to least tendency to undergo nucleophilic…

A: Concept introduction: Electrophilic aromatic substitution takes place when an electrophile displaces…

Q: f 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol (or Sudan I), phenyldiazonium reacts with β-naphthol. Draw the resonance…

A:

Q: What is the role of an acid catalyst in nucleophilic addition of aldehydes and ketone?

A:

Q: What is the difference between activated pyridine and unactivated pyridine

A: Pyridine is a pi difficient heterocycle, pyridine ring is less nucleophilic than the benzenering…

Q: Explain why the acid-catalyzed dehydration of an alcohol is a reversible reaction, whereas the…

A: Generally, electrophile attack is the first step in the electrophilic addition of alcohol. The acid…

Q: Explain Electrostatic potential maps of four halomethanes (CH3X)

A: The given reaction is nucleophilic substituion reaction in which nucleophile substitute the halogen…

Q: Explain the effect of the structure of the alkyl halide on elimination through E1 and E2.

A:

Q: What is the importance of proton transfer in the formation of ester? A.The carbonyl carbon is easily…

A: What is the importance of proton transfer in the formation of ester?

Q: The Reformatsky reaction is an addition reaction in which an organozinc reagent is used instead of a…

A: a.

Q: What are the reagents/conditions needed for these transformations?

A: The condition needed for the above transformation is given in attached image.

Q: Show how the Suzuki and/or Heck reactions can be used to prepare the following compounds:

A: Suzuki reaction: A reaction that couples an aryl halide or vinyl halide with an organoboron reagent.…

Q: Choose the best reagents to complete the reaction shown below.

A:

Q: Show how the m-chlorobenzaldehyde can be synthesized from benzene :

A: Friedel- Crafts acylation and chlorination forms m-chlorobenzaldehyde from benzene.

Q: Consider the given alkyl halide reaction below. Which of the following statements is FALSE about the…

A: Alkyl halide gives solvolysis reaction water. The reaction proceeds by the SN1 mechanism and…

Q: Which of the following reactions describes why AICI3 needs to stay dry in order for it to be used in…

A: Answer

Q: Show how the benzyl methyl ether can be synthesized from benzene:

A: To show the preparation of benzyl methyl ether from benzene:

Q: This compound was made from a conjugated enone using a multi-step synthesis that included a direct…

A: The enone can give an addition reaction at C=C and C=O. The addition reaction at C=O is known as a…

Q: Explain why hydroxide ion catalyzes the reaction of piperidine with 2,4-dinitroanisole but has no…

A: The mechanism of the reaction taking place between piperidine and 2,4- dinitroanisole is as follows:

Q: rank the aryl halide in order of increasing reactivity in nucleophilic aromatic substitution by an…

A: We know nitro group present in aromatic ring,is an electron withdrawing group.

Q: Which are the products of the Cannizzaro reaction * Carboxylic acid and ketone Carboxylic acid and…

A:

Q: Which statement is incorrect? Oa. A Grignard reagent is a strong lewis base O b. Water and alcohol…

A: When alkyl or aryl halides undergoe reaction with magnesium metal in ether medium, then there is a…

Q: Discuss the stability of keto-enol tautomer formed by active methylene compounds?

A:

Q: Like acid chlorides, acid anhydrides react with alcohols in the presence of pyridine to form esters.…

A: Electrophile is electron deficient species whereas Nucleophile is electron rich species

Q: Explain briefly the reactivity of aldehydes and ketones toward nucleophilic reagents

A: We have to explain briefly the reactivity of aldehydes and ketones toward nucleophilic reagents as…

Q: Explain the effect of the structure of the alkyl halide on elimination via E1 or E2.

A: The key differences between the E2 and E1 mechanism are: 1) E2 is a concerted mechanism where all…

Reactions of Ethers

Ethers (R-O-R’) are compounds formed by replacing hydrogen atoms of an alcohol (R-OH compound) or a phenol (C6H5OH) by an aryl/ acyl group (functional group after removing single hydrogen from an aromatic ring). In this section, reaction, preparation and behavior of ethers are discussed in the context of organic chemistry.

Epoxides

Epoxides are a special class of cyclic ethers which are an important functional group in organic chemistry and generate reactive centers due to their unusual high reactivity. Due to their high reactivity, epoxides are considered to be toxic and mutagenic.

Williamson Ether Synthesis

An organic reaction in which an organohalide and a deprotonated alcohol forms ether is known as Williamson ether synthesis. Alexander Williamson developed the Williamson ether synthesis in 1850. The formation of ether in this synthesis is an SN2 reaction.