An experiment is carried out as depicted in Figure 1. Two drugs, staurosporine and camptothecin, are used to treat normal and cancer cells. Staurosporine is an inhibitor of protein kinases and can induce apoptosis by an undetermined mechanism. Camptothecin is known to inhibit the DNA topoisomerase type I. Discuss and conclude the effects of the drugs on the two different types of cells in this experiment. Normal cells Cancer cells 1. Add staurosporine 1. Add staurosporine Cells are arrested at restriction point Cells are arrested at restriction point 2. Add camptothecin 2. Add camptothecin Figure 1 Cells are arrested at restriction point Cells are killed when they pass through S phase 3. Remove Cell cycle both drugs resumes Dead cells

An experiment is carried out as depicted in Figure 1. Two drugs, staurosporine and camptothecin, are used to treat normal and cancer cells. Staurosporine is an inhibitor of protein kinases and can induce apoptosis by an undetermined mechanism. Camptothecin is known to inhibit the DNA topoisomerase type I. Discuss and conclude the effects of the drugs on the two different types of cells in this experiment. Normal cells Cancer cells 1. Add staurosporine 1. Add staurosporine Cells are arrested at restriction point Cells are arrested at restriction point 2. Add camptothecin 2. Add camptothecin Figure 1 Cells are arrested at restriction point Cells are killed when they pass through S phase 3. Remove Cell cycle both drugs resumes Dead cells

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Description: An experiment is carried out as depicted in Figure 1. Two drugs, staurosporine and camptothecin,are used to treat normal and cancer cells. Staurosporine is an inhibitor of protein kinases and caninduce apoptosis by an undetermined mechanism. Camptot

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter14: Dna Structure And Replication

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1ITD

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The experiment below is from a seminal set of experiments in the 1960s that illustrated the role of various repair pathways for DNA damage caused by UV radiation. In this experiment, the scientists isolated E coli strains that are mutant in the Rec A gene, the UvrA gene or both. They then irradiated cultures of each strain with increasing doses of UV light and measured the effect on cell viability. Answer the following questions about this data. A. Which DNA repair pathway and repair activity is inhibited by the Rec A mutant? B. Which DNA repair pathway and repair function is inhibited by UvrA mutant? C. Why is the UvrA/RecA double mutant so much more senitive to UV light than either mutant alone?
Which of these pairs of clinical applications of DNA repair mechanisms is not accurate? Group of answer choices Loss of BRCA2 correlates to decreased sensitivity of Breast cancer cells to DNA-damaging agents Loss of BRCA1 expression correlates to Increased sensitivity of Ovarian cancer cells to Cisplatin BRCA1 expression is a marker of survival in Non-Small cell Lung Cancer Patients Defective Homologous Repair correlates to increased sensitivity to Alkylating Agents
Can you please help me by drawing a serie of schematic figures that demonstrates the information in the paragraph below? In addition to phosphorylation, the C-terminal domain of p53 can also be acetylated and sumolated in response to DNA damage. Acetylation and sumolation both result in an increase in the transactivation ability of p53 and may account for this finding. In vivo, IR induces the acetylation of p53 at Lys320 by PCAF and Lys382 by CBP/p300. Acetylation at these sites is dependent on N-terminal phosphorylation at Ser15 and to a lesser extent on phosphorylation at Ser6, Ser9, and Thr18 (Saito et al., 2002; Wahl and Carr, 2001). All of these phosphorylation events are ATM-dependent, although only Ser15 has been shown to be phosphorylated directly by ATM. Sumolation occurs at Lys386 after DNA damage (Muller et al., 2000). Sumolation refers to the covalent attachment of a small ubiquitin-like molecule (SUMO-1) to Lys residues, but in contrast to ubiquitination, does not result…
Which ONE of the following is TRUE concerning the so‐called Philadelphia chromosome? Select one: A.It results in loss of BCR serine‐threonine kinase activity B.It leads to generation of a fusion protein with constitutively active tyrosine kinase activity C.It results from a t(8;21) translocation D.Overexpression of the ABL1 gene results from a translocation that brings a strong gene promoter close to the ABL1 gene
The rb gene encodes a protein that inhibits E2F, a transcriptionfactor that activates several genes involved in cell division.Mutations in rb are associated with certain forms of cancer,such as retinoblastoma. Under each of the following conditions,would you expect the cancer to occur?A. One copy of rb is defective; both copies of E2F are functional.B. Both copies of rb are defective; both copies of E2F arefunctional.C. Both copies of rb are defective; one copy of E2F is defective.D. Both copies of rb and E2F are defective.
A gene, which we will call gene C, can be epigenetically modified in such a way that its expression in some cells is permanently silenced. Describe how you could conduct cell-fusion experiments to determine if a cis- or a trans-epigenetic mechanism is responsible for maintaining the silencing of gene C.
You are looking at the results of a western blot from the lysates of cells harvested from a suspected breast cancer tumor and you see that there is an increased expression of INK4-p16, you suspect that this will______________? Group of answer choices Increase S to G2 phase transition Initiate a cell cycle arrest in G1 Block M to G1 phase transition Promote tumorigenesis
In the treatment of cancer, the basis for many types of chemotherapyand radiation therapy is that mutagens are more effective at killingdividing cells than nondividing cells. Explain why. What are possibleharmful side effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy?
In the experiment summarized below, scientists were examining the presence of specific sequences in individuals with age. In this experiment they extracted DNA from lymphocytes of various aged individuals and measured the length of a TTAGGG (in kb) repeat they found in their genomic DNA (Left Panel). In the right panel, the scientists measured the length of the same repeats in individuals with lymphocyte failure (red dots most severely effected) that have a mutation in a critical enzyme. Answer the following questions in 2-3 sentences each. A. What is the name of the specific sequence the scientists are measuring in the experiment shown below. B. For the individuals with lymphocyte pathology in the right panel, which gene is likely defective that causes the data shown? C. Explain why the length of the repeat sequence decreases with age.
Would the viral insertion of a proto-oncogene into a region of genomic DNA with non-acetylated histones be likely to lead to a cancerous cell? Explain. (Read the answer options VERY carefully!) A. NO it would not lead to a cancerous cell. Non-acetylated histones = condensed chromatin so viral insertion here means there would be no transcription so this would not increase levels of the protein. B. NO it would not lead to a cancerous cell. Non-acetylated histones = open chromatin so viral insertion here means there would be high levels of transcription and this would increase the levels of the protein C. YES it would lead to a cancerous cell. Non-acetylated histones = condensed chromatin so viral insertion here means there would be no transcription so this would not increase levels of the protein. D. YES it would lead to a cancerous cell. Non-acetylated histones = open chromatin so viral insertion here means there would be high levels of transcription and this would increase the…
A strain of bacteria possesses a temperature-sensitive mutation in the gene that encodes the rho subunit. At high temperatures, rho is not functional. When these bacteria are raised at elevated temperatures, which of the following effects would you expect to see? Explain your reasoning for accepting or rejecting each of these five options. a. Transcription does not take place. b. All RNA molecules are shorter than normal. c. All RNA molecules are longer than normal. d. Some RNA molecules are longer than normal. e. RNA is copied from both DNA strands.
Which of the following statements are correct about telomeres (select all that apply)? A. A total of 6 nucleotides are lost at the end of each chromsome during each replication cycle. B. Addition of telomerase to cells that have undergone breakage-fusion-bridge cycles can reverse crisis C. Shortening of telomeres prevents cells from becoming cancerous even if they have oncogenes and defective tumor suppressor genes D. All cancer cells express high levels of telomerase E. Chromosomes without telomeres tend to undergo end-to-end fusions