Part II: Understand Pointers/Dynamic Memory To-do 2: Write 3 different functions in C++ to create memory on the heap without causing a memory leak. Hint: You will need to assign the address to a pointer that was created outside the function. Remember, you can return an address or change what a pointer points to (the contents of a pointer) in a function by passing the pointer by reference or by passing the address of the pointer. Additional questions: What if you want to change the contents of what the pointer points to? Make a function that will set the contents of the space on the heap. Do you still need to pass by reference or the address of the pointer? Why or why not? How will you delete the memory off the heap? Try doing it outside a function, and inside a function. Make sure your delete function is setting your pointer back to NULL, since it is not supposed to be pointing anywhere anymore. You can check to see if you have any memory leaks using valgrind. svalgrind program_exe Part IlII: Implementing 1-D arrays in assignment 4 To-do 3: Create a C-style string that will hold a sentence/paragraph inputted by the user. • You can make a static array for this, but make sure your getline has the appropriate length. • Use cin.getline (array_name, num_chars_to_read) for C-style strings. • What do you think may happen if you enter more characters than specified by num_chars_to_read in cin.getline ()? The code below may help this problem. if (cin.fail(0) { cin.ignore (256,'\n'); //get rid of everything leftover cin.clear (); //reset the failbit for the next cin To-do 4: Create an array of C++ strings for any N number of words that user wants to search for and read those words from the user. • Ask the user how many words they want to search for. • Create an array of that many words • Read each word from the user. Remember, you would use getline for C++ strings. getline (cin, word array_name [i]); You need to have a main function that asks for a sentence/paragraph and for the N words. After getting inputs from the user, print out both arrays to check if they are working properly. Remember to check memory leaks as well.

Write a paper that summarizes the chapter (or an online resource) that may help you understand the concept of pointers. Include the following topics in the paper. Include illustrations either from the book, or an online source or your own illustration. Come up with an introduction Pointer Variable Declarations and Initialization Pointer Operators Pass-by-Reference with Pointers Built-In Arrays Using const with Pointers sizeof Operator Pointer Expressions and Pointer Arithmetic Relationship Between Pointers and Built-In Arrays Pointer-Based String About Smart Pointers

Instructions: You are strictly not allowed to use anything other than pointers and dynamic memory. One function should perform one functionality only.   Task 1 Write a program in C++ that reads data from a file. Create dynamic memory according to the data. Now your task is to perform the following task. Row wise Sum Column wise Sum Diagonal wise Sum   Example   data.txt 4 5 1.6 10.2 33.7 99 20.5 3 44 50 96.1 2 8 9 4 74 50 99 19.1   Output: Sum row wise: 165, 191, 17, 242.1 Sum col wise: 127.6, 120.1, 228.8, 118.1, 20.5 Sum diagonal wise: Not Possible   Note: You are restricted to use pointers and your function should be generic. Avoid memory wastage, memory leakage, dangling pointer. Use regrow or shrink concepts if required.

What is a pointer? How do you dereference a pointer to get its stored value?