Practice question 1B)Mutations in the signalling pathways depicted above have been associated with an increasedincidence of several types of cancer. Individuals with the se cancers may be treated with one of thefollowing chemotherapeutic drugs. Complete the table below about their me chanisms of action.In which cellularWhich processis targeted first compartment/structure/organelleby this drug?DrugDrug's mechanism of actiondoes this proce ss occur?(replica tion,mitosis,transcription,translation, orIf more than 1 location, be sure tospecify ALL relevant locations.none of theabove)?AInhibits microtubule assemblyCreate inter- or intra-strand crosslinkingin DNA preventing strand separationInhibits synthesis of non-essentialamino acidsDrugCH3HNHNPPPO ON.PPPO OOHOH5-deoxythymydinetriphosphate (DTTP)5-deoxyuridinetriphosphate (DUTP) Info:In many mammalian species, including humans, there is a hormone (H) that acts as a key regulator ofhexose (6 carbon sugar, eg - glucose) metabolism, cell cycle progression, and ultimately cell survival.Hormone H regulates these effects via its receptors which are found at both the cell surface (csRu)and within the cell (icRu). The signalling pathways that become activated in the presence of hormoneH are depicted and described below.hormoneSignalling via the cell surfacereceptor· Hormone H mediates its cell cyclestimulatory and pro-survival effects bybinding to and activating the cellsurface hormone H receptor (csRu).· The activated csRu activates Lyn,which activates RAS and ultimatelythe Raf/MEK/ERK kinase cascade.· Active ERK:o phosphorylates and inactivatesGSK-3B. Inhibition of GSK-3ßpromotes cell survival.o inhibits p27, preventing it frominhibiting cell cycle progression.o activates Eos, a transcription factorwhich promotes cell cycleprogression by triggering Cyclin Aextracellular fluidinactiveGTPinactiveRASLyncell-surfacereceptor for H (csR.)icR.RAS-GTPhexosemetabolismcell survivalicR.Gphase(resting)RafHKGSK-38MEKhexose kinaseERKpromoter HRE ACOKInucleus+ cyclin AFosA promoter aCreated in BioRender.com bioexpression.Signalling via the intracellular receptorHormone H also binds to and activates the intracellular hormone H receptor (icRu).The activated icRu translocates, to the nucleus where it acts as a transcription factor bindingto a specific sequence called a hormone H response element (HRE) found within promoterson the DNA.icRu- HRE binding upregulates the transcription of the hexose kinase gene, which isrequired for hexose metabolism and ultimately cell survival.Below is a list of mutations commonly found in different components of the hormone-signalingpathways.Mutant #1: The içRuundergoes a loss-of-function mutation.Mutant #2: GSK-3B can no longer be phosphorylated.Mutant #3: ERK is constitutively active.Mutant #4: Lyn undergoes a gain-of function mutation.Mutant #5: The cyclin A gene's DNA is highly compacted and inaccessible

Drug that inhibits microtubule assembly will inhibit mitosis and consequently mitosis. So, this drug…

Practice ques tion 1B) Mutations in the signalling pathways depicte d above have been associated with an increased incidence of several types of cancer. Individuals with the se cancers may be treated with one of the following chemotherapeutic drugs. Complete the table below about their mechanisms of action. In which cellular Which process is targeted first compartment/stru cture/organelle by this drug? Drug | Drug's mechanism of action does this proce ss occur? (replication, mitosis, transcription, translation, or If more than 1 location, be sure to specify ALL relevant locations. none of the above)? A Inhibits microtubule assembly Create inter- or intra-strand crosslinking in DNA preventing strand separation Inhibits synthesis of non-essential amino acids B Drug „CH3 HN HN PPPO O PPPO O он OH 5-deoxyuridine 5-deoxythymydine triphosphate (DUTP) triphosphate (dTTP)

Practice ques tion 1B) Mutations in the signalling pathways depicte d above have been associated with an increased incidence of several types of cancer. Individuals with the se cancers may be treated with one of the following chemotherapeutic drugs. Complete the table below about their mechanisms of action. In which cellular Which process is targeted first compartment/stru cture/organelle by this drug? Drug | Drug's mechanism of action does this proce ss occur? (replication, mitosis, transcription, translation, or If more than 1 location, be sure to specify ALL relevant locations. none of the above)? A Inhibits microtubule assembly Create inter- or intra-strand crosslinking in DNA preventing strand separation Inhibits synthesis of non-essential amino acids B Drug „CH3 HN HN PPPO O PPPO O он OH 5-deoxyuridine 5-deoxythymydine triphosphate (DUTP) triphosphate (dTTP)

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter32: The Reception And Transmission Of Extracellular Information

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 5P

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