Problem 1: Iteration Explained Explain why iteration is required to solve the following classes of pipe flow problems using the Darcy-Weisbach equation (<20 words each part): Part A Given pipe diameter D and friction head loss hf, find discharge Q. Part B Given discharge Q and friction head loss hy, find required pipe diameter D.

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During the Storm sewer system (design for sewer pipes) shown in the figure 1 below using rational method. The sub-area data is provided in table 1 and table 2. At the project site, intensity is given by the equation     i = 20.2 / td0.52 The intensity in in inches/hr and td = storm duration = time of concentration in minutes. Assume circular pipes are used for storm sewers. The pipe roughness (Manning's n) is given by n = 0.012

notes for the question and actual picture is the question thank you   Although the following procedures are more or less sequential, be certain you read through and understand all the procedures and suggestions before you begin to actually construct a flow net. 1. Ensure that the use of a flow net is valid. (a) Flow is steady state. (b) Boundary conditions are known or can be approximated well. 2. Prepare for a trial-and-error solution: there is no unique solution. 3. Ensure that the boundaries of the flow field are drawn to scale. 4. Define the boundaries, and determine the nature of each boundary (a) equipotential, or constant-head, boundary (b) flow line, or no-flow, boundary: commonly an impermeable boundary (c) known-head boundary; commonly the water table (d) most often encountered, two equipotential boundaries and two flow line boundaries. 5. Determine the symmetry of the flow field, if any. This may reduce the work involved-for example, bilateral symmetry would require…

While using Darcy-Weisbach equation for estimating head loss in a pipe flow, the friction factor was misjudged by -15%. For this case, the error in estimating the discharge is

(b). Figure 1 shows a reticulation system. Estimate the flow rate in each pipeline using Hardy-Cross Method and Hazen-William formula up to two iterations. Adopt Hazen-William coefficient, C, as 100. The lengths and diameters for pipes AB, BC, CD, and AD are as follows: Pipe AB: length = 950 m and diameter = 250 mm Pipe BC: length = 750 m and diameter = 200 mm Pipe CD: length = 750 m and diameter = 200 mm Pipe AD: length = 900 m and diameter = 250 mm 40 L/s 40 L/s C B D Figure 1: Reticulation system 50 L/s 130 L/s

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Problem 4: Approximating Discharge from Velocity Consider steady flow in a stream d = 0.50 m deep and w = 3.0 m wide ("into the page"): Part A Part B h X X The velocity distribution is u = Umax(1- h²/d²), where Umax = 0.20 m/s. A few sample values are shown in the following table: 0.25 h[m] 0 u [m/s] 0.20 0.15 ▼ Part A On the figure, sketch the velocity profile using the equation. No need to calculate points. Part B On the figure, sketch an approximate velocity profile, with an upper area and a lower area. Plot the average velocity for the upper area and the lower area (hint, recall the wedding cake). Part C Using your approximation, calculate the discharge Q [m³/s]. Part D Using your approximation, calculate the average velocity V[m³/s].