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Problem 2. The manufacturers of a new cancer drug want to determine the least expensive way to safeguard and transport their product. They choose lyophilization (freeze drying), which removes most of the water from the product, making it lighter and therefore less costly to transport over long distances, and substantially increases its shelf life. Lyophilization also removes some of the impurities introduced during the drug's synthesis process. A solid feed stream containing 70.0 wt% cancer drug, 27% water (ice), and the balance organic impurities enters a heated vacuum chamber at a rate of 1000 kg/h at a temperature of -10°C. In the vacuum chamber, 97% of the water and 99% of the organic impurities in the feed sublime (evaporate) The dried product is then packaged and shipped. A vapor stream emerges from the chamber at 15'C During the process, 7.95 x 105 kl/h of heat is transferred to the system. a) Draw and label a flowchart of the process. b) Calculate the compositions and flow rates of the product and waste streams. c) Find the temperature of the product stream, using the following values for heat capacity and heats of sublimation and neglecting the contribution of the organic impurities to the energy balance. Cp (ice) 2.11 kl/kg.°C Cp (water vapour) = 1.86 kJ/kg.°C Cp (cancer drug) =1.5 kl/kg.°C AHsubl (water) 2845 kJ/kg d) Evaporation is a more conventional way to dry wet solids (heating the solid at atmospheric pressure to a temperature close to the boiling point of the liquid). Give two possible reasons why freeze drying is a better alternative for many therapeutics such as the cancer drug in the question (think like biomedical engineers designing a product or process, not necessarily directly related to material seen in class).

Problem 2. The manufacturers of a new cancer drug want to determine the least expensive way to safeguard and transport their product. They choose lyophilization (freeze drying), which removes most of the water from the product, making it lighter and therefore less costly to transport over long distances, and substantially increases its shelf life. Lyophilization also removes some of the impurities introduced during the drug's synthesis process. A solid feed stream containing 70.0 wt% cancer drug, 27% water (ice), and the balance organic impurities enters a heated vacuum chamber at a rate of 1000 kg/h at a temperature of -10°C. In the vacuum chamber, 97% of the water and 99% of the organic impurities in the feed sublime (evaporate) The dried product is then packaged and shipped. A vapor stream emerges from the chamber at 15'C During the process, 7.95 x 105 kl/h of heat is transferred to the system. a) Draw and label a flowchart of the process. b) Calculate the compositions and flow rates of the product and waste streams. c) Find the temperature of the product stream, using the following values for heat capacity and heats of sublimation and neglecting the contribution of the organic impurities to the energy balance. Cp (ice) 2.11 kl/kg.°C Cp (water vapour) = 1.86 kJ/kg.°C Cp (cancer drug) =1.5 kl/kg.°C AHsubl (water) 2845 kJ/kg d) Evaporation is a more conventional way to dry wet solids (heating the solid at atmospheric pressure to a temperature close to the boiling point of the liquid). Give two possible reasons why freeze drying is a better alternative for many therapeutics such as the cancer drug in the question (think like biomedical engineers designing a product or process, not necessarily directly related to material seen in class).

Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
8th Edition
ISBN:9781259696527
Author:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Publisher:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1.1P
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Problem 2. The manufacturers of a new cancer drug want to determine the least expensive way to safeguard and transport their product. They choose lyophilization (freeze drying), which removes most of the water from the product, making it lighter and therefore less costly to transport over long distances, and substantially increases its shelf life. Lyophilization also removes some of the impurities introduced during the drug's synthesis process. A solid feed stream containing 70.0 wt% cancer drug, 27% water (ice), and the balance organic impurities enters a heated vacuum chamber at a rate of 1000 kg/h at a temperature of -10°C. In the vacuum chamber, 97% of the water and 99% of the organic impurities in the feed sublime (evaporate) The dried product is then packaged and shipped. A vapor stream emerges from the chamber at 15'C During the process, 7.95 x 105 kl/h of heat is transferred to the system. a) Draw and label a flowchart of the process. b) Calculate the compositions and flow rates of the product and waste streams. c) Find the temperature of the product stream, using the following values for heat capacity and heats of sublimation and neglecting the contribution of the organic impurities to the energy balance. Cp (ice) 2.11 kl/kg.°C Cp (water vapour) = 1.86 kJ/kg.°C Cp (cancer drug) =1.5 kl/kg.°C AHsubl (water) 2845 kJ/kg d) Evaporation is a more conventional way to dry wet solids (heating the solid at atmospheric pressure to a temperature close to the boiling point of the liquid). Give two possible reasons why freeze drying is a better alternative for many therapeutics such as the cancer drug in the question (think like biomedical engineers designing a product or process, not necessarily directly related to material seen in class).
Transcribed Image Text:Problem 2. The manufacturers of a new cancer drug want to determine the least expensive way to safeguard and transport their product. They choose lyophilization (freeze drying), which removes most of the water from the product, making it lighter and therefore less costly to transport over long distances, and substantially increases its shelf life. Lyophilization also removes some of the impurities introduced during the drug's synthesis process. A solid feed stream containing 70.0 wt% cancer drug, 27% water (ice), and the balance organic impurities enters a heated vacuum chamber at a rate of 1000 kg/h at a temperature of -10°C. In the vacuum chamber, 97% of the water and 99% of the organic impurities in the feed sublime (evaporate) The dried product is then packaged and shipped. A vapor stream emerges from the chamber at 15'C During the process, 7.95 x 105 kl/h of heat is transferred to the system. a) Draw and label a flowchart of the process. b) Calculate the compositions and flow rates of the product and waste streams. c) Find the temperature of the product stream, using the following values for heat capacity and heats of sublimation and neglecting the contribution of the organic impurities to the energy balance. Cp (ice) 2.11 kl/kg.°C Cp (water vapour) = 1.86 kJ/kg.°C Cp (cancer drug) =1.5 kl/kg.°C AHsubl (water) 2845 kJ/kg d) Evaporation is a more conventional way to dry wet solids (heating the solid at atmospheric pressure to a temperature close to the boiling point of the liquid). Give two possible reasons why freeze drying is a better alternative for many therapeutics such as the cancer drug in the question (think like biomedical engineers designing a product or process, not necessarily directly related to material seen in class).
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