Problem 6* (IS-LM 2) 1. Explain why investment depends on the real interest rate, define the real interest rate, and derive and exact and approximate expression for the real interest rate.
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- Need only Answer Not explanation 17.In the IS curve, if Y falls for any given level of the real interest rate ________. saving increases output increases consumption decreases all of the above none of the above Q. The marginal product of labor (MPL) is given by the ________. labor share of income - average output per unit of labor labor share of income + average output per unit of labor labor share of income × average output per unit of labor labor share of income ÷ average output per unit of labor none of the aboveIn the year of 2019, the U.S. economy produced a total output of $20.75 trillion. During the same year, the U.S. federal government spent $7.88 trillion. The desired consumption and desired investment in the U.S. for the year is described by: Cd=15-150r, Id=10-200r Where Cd is the desired consumption in trillions of $, Id is the desired investment in trillions of $, and r is the real interest rate in decimal form. if the average real interest rate during the year 2019, is 4.1%, how much is the desired national saving, Sd, in trillions of $? round answer to at least 2 decimal places.Economics Suppose that the effects of COVID-19 on the economy can be thought of as a permanent negative productivity shock, i.e., a permanent decrease of the production owing to lower total factor productivity. What does the model predict will happen to the following variables: (1) real interest rate, (2) real output), (3) real consumption, (4) real investment, (5) labor input? For each variable explain why COVID-19 would have the predicted effect.
- Consider an economy with the following information: Y = C + I + G, C=180+0.7( Y-T), I= 100-18i + 0.1 Y, T =400, G=400, P=1, M=5400, L=6Y -120i, M/P=L Derive the IS equation. Derive the LM equation. Solve the IS-LM to obtain the equilibrium output and the interest rateSuppose the real interest rates in the United States and Switzerland are both 2%. Now suppose that the Federal Reserve in the United States conducts monetary policy that in turn raises domestic interest rates. Assume there are no policy changes in Switzerland and that their real interest rates stay steady at 2%.Inflation in the Philippines this year has surged to 4.9% in 2022, exceeding the inflationtarget band set by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas. In response, the BSP might raise theirkey real interest rate soon, which will in turn affect loaning and lending rates in thecountry. In response to these conditions, firms and investors are growing anxious and assuch, are planning on pulling back on their investments. Given all the information above, illustrate and explain the effects of the decrease ininvestment on the economy. Make sure to cover the following: shifts (if any) in theaggregate expenditure curve, the change in equilibrium output (i.e. identify and comparethe old and new level of equilibrium output in the graph, and the multiplier effect.
- a) What generally happens to the major macroeconomic variables such as GDP, unemployment rate, and inflation rate during an economic recession? b) Define economic expansion using the reference terms of actual GDP and potential GDP. c) Explain how investment spending and interest rate related. What is the reason behind such a relationship? d) Find the correlation coefficient between interest rate and Real Investment. Does this (actual) value support the theoretical relationship between the variables? Explain. (e) Explain the importance of investment spending for the economy. Only typed answerAssume a model economy with the following parameters: C=300+0.25 Yd I=250+0.5Y-2500i G=350 T=300 (M/P)d= 4Y-16,000i (M/P)s= 880 Derive the IS and LM relations and solve for equilibrium real output and equilibrium interest rate.a) Use an appropriate diagram, to explain how the Permanent Income Theory of Consumption reconciles the results of cross-section and time series estimate of the Keynesian aggregate consumption function. (b) With the help of a diagram, explain the effect of an increase in nominal income on interest rate.
- Suppose that the investment function is I = 3,500 − 100r, where r is the real interest rate (in percent). If the nominal interest rate is 12 percent and the inflation rate is 4 percent, then total investment will be:Which of the following statement is false? A. Consumption smoothing occurs when people borrow and save to smooth consumption over their lifetime. B. When making decisions about savings and borrowing, households and firms care more about the nominal interest rate than the real interest rate. C. Fisher equation describes the relationship between nominal and real interest rates under the effect of inflation. D. Movement along the demand curve for loanable funds is caused by a change in the interest rate.Q5.The following equations describe an economy. a. Identify each of the variables and briefly explain their meaning.b. From the above list, use the relevant set of equations to derive the IS curve. Graph the IS curve on an appropriately labeled graph.c. From the above list, use the relevant set of equations to derive the LM curve. Graph the LM curve on the same graph you used in part (b).d. What are the equilibrium level of income and the equilibrium interest rate?