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- Gina Ripley, president of Dearing Company, is considering the purchase of a computer-aided manufacturing system. The annual net cash benefits and savings associated with the system are described as follows: The system will cost 9,000,000 and last 10 years. The companys cost of capital is 12 percent. Required: 1. Calculate the payback period for the system. Assume that the company has a policy of only accepting projects with a payback of five years or less. Would the system be acquired? 2. Calculate the NPV and IRR for the project. Should the system be purchasedeven if it does not meet the payback criterion? 3. The project manager reviewed the projected cash flows and pointed out that two items had been missed. First, the system would have a salvage value, net of any tax effects, of 1,000,000 at the end of 10 years. Second, the increased quality and delivery performance would allow the company to increase its market share by 20 percent. This would produce an additional annual net benefit of 300,000. Recalculate the payback period, NPV, and IRR given this new information. (For the IRR computation, initially ignore salvage value.) Does the decision change? Suppose that the salvage value is only half what is projected. Does this make a difference in the outcome? Does salvage value have any real bearing on the companys decision?Austins cell phone manufacturer wants to upgrade their product mix to encompass an exciting new feature on their cell phone. This would require a new high-tech machine. You are excited about his new project and are recommending the purchase to your board of directors. Here is the information you have compiled in order to complete this recommendation: According to the information, the project will last 10 years and require an initial investment of $800,000, depreciated with straight-line over the life of the project until the final value is zero. The firms tax rate is 30% and the required rate of return is 12%. You believe that the variable cost and sales volume may be as much as 10% higher or lower than the initial estimate. Your boss understands the risks but asks you to explain the alternatives in a brief memo to the board, Write a memo to the Board of Directors objectively weighing out the pros and cons of this project and make your recommendation(s).Mallette Manufacturing, Inc., produces washing machines, dryers, and dishwashers. Because of increasing competition, Mallette is considering investing in an automated manufacturing system. Since competition is most keen for dishwashers, the production process for this line has been selected for initial evaluation. The automated system for the dishwasher line would replace an existing system (purchased one year ago for 6 million). Although the existing system will be fully depreciated in nine years, it is expected to last another 10 years. The automated system would also have a useful life of 10 years. The existing system is capable of producing 100,000 dishwashers per year. Sales and production data using the existing system are provided by the Accounting Department: All cash expenses with the exception of depreciation, which is 6 per unit. The existing equipment is being depreciated using straight-line with no salvage value considered. The automated system will cost 34 million to purchase, plus an estimated 20 million in software and implementation. (Assume that all investment outlays occur at the beginning of the first year.) If the automated equipment is purchased, the old equipment can be sold for 3 million. The automated system will require fewer parts for production and will produce with less waste. Because of this, the direct material cost per unit will be reduced by 25 percent. Automation will also require fewer support activities, and as a consequence, volume-related overhead will be reduced by 4 per unit and direct fixed overhead (other than depreciation) by 17 per unit. Direct labor is reduced by 60 percent. Assume, for simplicity, that the new investment will be depreciated on a pure straight-line basis for tax purposes with no salvage value. Ignore the half-life convention. The firms cost of capital is 12 percent, but management chooses to use 20 percent as the required rate of return for evaluation of investments. The combined federal and state tax rate is 40 percent. Required: 1. Compute the net present value for the old system and the automated system. Which system would the company choose? 2. Repeat the net present value analysis of Requirement 1, using 12 percent as the discount rate. 3. Upon seeing the projected sales for the old system, the marketing manager commented: Sales of 100,000 units per year cannot be maintained in the current competitive environment for more than one year unless we buy the automated system. The automated system will allow us to compete on the basis of quality and lead time. If we keep the old system, our sales will drop by 10,000 units per year. Repeat the net present value analysis, using this new information and a 12 percent discount rate. 4. An industrial engineer for Mallette noticed that salvage value for the automated equipment had not been included in the analysis. He estimated that the equipment could be sold for 4 million at the end of 10 years. He also estimated that the equipment of the old system would have no salvage value at the end of 10 years. Repeat the net present value analysis using this information, the information in Requirement 3, and a 12 percent discount rate. 5. Given the outcomes of the previous four requirements, comment on the importance of providing accurate inputs for assessing investments in automated manufacturing systems.
- Newmarge Products Inc. is evaluating a new design for one of its manufacturing processes. The new design will eliminate the production of a toxic solid residue. The initial cost of the system is estimated at 860,000 and includes computerized equipment, software, and installation. There is no expected salvage value. The new system has a useful life of 8 years and is projected to produce cash operating savings of 225,000 per year over the old system (reducing labor costs and costs of processing and disposing of toxic waste). The cost of capital is 16%. Required: 1. Compute the NPV of the new system. 2. One year after implementation, the internal audit staff noted the following about the new system: (1) the cost of acquiring the system was 60,000 more than expected due to higher installation costs, and (2) the annual cost savings were 20,000 less than expected because more labor cost was needed than anticipated. Using the changes in expected costs and benefits, compute the NPV as if this information had been available one year ago. Did the company make the right decision? 3. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Upon reporting the results mentioned in the postaudit, the marketing manager responded in a memo to the internal audit department indicating that cash inflows also had increased by a net of 60,000 per year because of increased purchases by environmentally sensitive customers. Describe the effect that this has on the analysis in Requirement 2. 4. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Why is a postaudit beneficial to a firm?Markoff Products is considering two competing projects, but only one will be selected. Project A requires an initial investment of $42,000 and is expected to generate future cash flows of $6,000 for each of the next 50 years. Project B requires an initial investment of $210,000 and will generate $30,000 for each of the next 10 years. If Markoff requires a payback of 8 years or less, which project should it select based on payback periods?I have a question about some calculations that I have done for the question below. Pharmos Incorporated is a Pharmaceutical Company which is considering investing in a new production line of portable electrocardiogram (ECG) machines for its clients who suffer from cardio vascular diseases. The company has to invest in equipment which cost $2,500,000 and falls within a MARCS depreciation of 5-years, and is expected to have a scrape value of $200,000 at the end of the project. Other than the equipment, the company needs to increase its cash and cash equivalents by $100,000, increase the level of inventory by $30,000, increase accounts receivable by $250,000 and increase account payable by $50,000 at the beginning of the project. Pharmos Incorporated expect the project to have a life of five years. The company would have to pay for transportation and installation of the equipment which has an invoice price of $450,000.The company has already invested $75,000 in Research and Development…
- harmos Incorporated is a Pharmaceutical Company which is considering investing in a new production line of portable electrocardiogram (ECG) machines for its clients who suffer from cardio vascular diseases. The company has to invest in equipment which cost $2,500,000 and falls within a MARCS depreciation of 5-years, and is expected to have a scrape value of $200,000 at the end of the project. Other than the equipment, the company needs to increase its cash and cash equivalents by $100,000, increase the level of inventory by $30,000, increase accounts receivable by $250,000 and increase account payable by $50,000 at the beginning of the project. Pharmos Incorporated expect the project to have a life of five years. The company would have to pay for transportation and installation of the equipment which has an invoice price of $450,000. The company has already invested $75,000 in Research and Development and therefore expects a positive impact on the demand for the new product line.…AD, a pharmaceutical company, has developed a new drug that will supposedly cure COVID-19 and provide immunity to the general population. The results are so promising that the company will purchase land for $1M to build a manufacturing center that will produce this drug in sufficient quantities. This facility will cost $185 million to build. The project will take 10 years and will initially require $535 million in net working capital. Also, the company will spend $5 million on R&D and $4 million in marketing the drug to the general population. The drug will sell for $1,500 in the first five years. Anticipating improved efficiency the drug will sell for $1,250 in years 6 through 9 and $1,000 in year 10. Variable costs will be $400 per unit. Annual fixed costs will be 11% of that year’s total revenue. Marketing has projected annual sales as follows: PROJECT YEAR ANNUAL UNIT SALES 1 15,000 2 25,000 3 100,000 4 100,000 5 100,000 6…Pharmos Incorporated is a Pharmaceutical Company which is considering investing in a new production line of portable electrocardiogram (ECG) machines for its clients who suffer from cardio vascular diseases. The company has to invest in equipment which cost $2,500,000 and fallswithin a MARCS depreciation of 5-years, and is expected to have a scrape value of $200,000 at the end of the project. Other than the equipment, the company needs to increase its cash and cash equivalents by $100,000, increase the level of inventory by $30,000, increase accounts receivable by $250,000 and increase account payable by $50,000 at the beginning of the project. Pharmos Incorporated expect the project to have a life of five years. The company would have to pay for transportation and installation of the equipment which has an invoice price of $450,000. The company has already invested $75,000 in Research and Development and therefore expects a positive impact on the demand for the new product line.…
- Pharmos Incorporated is a Pharmaceutical Company which is considering investing in a new production line of portable electrocardiogram (ECG) machines for its clients who suffer from cardio vascular diseases. The company has to invest in equipment which cost $2,500,000 and falls within a MARCS depreciation of 5-years, and is expected to have a scrape value of $200,000 at the end of the project. Other than the equipment, the company needs to increase its cash and cash equivalents by $100,000, increase the level of inventory by $30,000, increase accounts receivable by $250,000 and increase account payable by $50,000 at the beginning of the project. Pharmos Incorporated expect the project to have a life of five years. The company would have to pay for transportation and installation of the equipment which has an invoice price of $450,000.The company has already invested $75,000 in Research and Development and therefore expects a positive impact on the demand for the new product line.…Pharmos Incorporated is a Pharmaceutical Company which is considering investing in a new production line of portable electrocardiogram (ECG) machines for its clients who suffer from cardio vascular diseases. The company has to invest in equipment which cost $2,500,000 and falls within a MARCS depreciation of 5-years, and is expected to have a scrape value of $200,000 at the end of the project. Other than the equipment, the company needs to increase its cash and cash equivalents by $100,000, increase the level of inventory by $30,000, increase accounts receivable by $250,000 and increase account payable by $50,000 at the beginning of the project. Pharmos Incorporated expect the project to have a life of five years. The company would have to pay for transportation and installation of the equipment which has an invoice price of $450,000. The company has already invested $75,000 in Research and Development and therefore expects a positive impact on the demand for the new product line.…Pharmos Incorporated is a Pharmaceutical Company which is considering investing in a new production line of portable electrocardiogram (ECG) machines for its clients who suffer from cardio vascular diseases. The company has to invest in equipment which cost $2,500,000 and falls within a MARCS depreciation of 5-years, and is expected to have a scrape value of $200,000 at the end of the project. Other than the equipment, the company needs to increase its cash and cash equivalents by $100,000, increase the level of inventory by $30,000, increase accounts receivable by $250,000 and increase account payable by $50,000 at the beginning of the project. Pharmos Incorporated expect the project to have a life of five years. The company would have to pay for transportation and installation of the equipment which has an invoice price of $450,000.The company has already invested $75,000 in Research and Development and therefore expects a positive impact on the demand for the new product line.…