Proto-oncogene product causes:   A. stimulation of cell cycle.   B. inhibits cell cycle.   C. loss/inactivating mutation causes cancer   D. none of the above

Q: Which of the following describes an oncogene Group of answer choices A. a gene that stimulates cell…

A: Cancer is caused by changes in the DNA and is called genetic changes. Cancer is the growth of the…

Q: Oncogenes show a of mutation, while tumor suppressor genes show a of mutations. is the process by…

A: Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread…

Q: a way in which proto-oncogenes can change to become genes that induce cancer?

A: A proto-oncogene is a normal gene that can turn into an oncogene due to mutations or increased…

Q: Which of the following would improve an individual's ability to avoid cancer while aging?

A: Under normal conditions, cells undergo regulated cell division, differentiation, and apoptosis…

Q: The p53 gene was discovered in 1979, but it was not clear whether the gene functioned as an oncogene…

A: An oncogene is a type of gene that is responsible for causing the cells to divide uncontrollably and…

Q: How does a normal cell become a cancerous cell? What has to happen to it?

A: NOTE:- "As you have posted multiple questions under one, we will solve the first part for you, to…

Q: These genes are involved in normal cell growth and division, but if mutated, could become more…

A: Oncogenes are tumour-causing genes. They are mutated and abnormal that leading to uncontrolled cell…

Q: A tumor suppressor genea. inhibits cell division.b. opposes oncogenes.c. prevents cancer.d. is…

A: Tumor suppressor genes can act as gatekeepers or caretakers. Those which promote cell death are…

Q: A mutant gene that promotes cancer when it is overexpressed iscalleda. a tumor-suppressor gene.b. an…

A: Oncogenes are mutated genes that cause out-of-control cells to develop and can lead to cancer.…

Q: a)Proteins that stimulate/promote progression through the cell cycle are encoded by (oncogenes or…

A: Hi! Thank you for the question. As you have posted a question with multiple subparts, I will be…

Q: Virtually all steps of embryological development depend on: a. Alterations in the genome b. Tumor…

A: Embryological development is the growth and development of embryo by  cell division and cell…

Q: What is the difference between an oncogene and a tumor-suppressor gene? Give some examples of the…

A: Cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cell survival are under the control of some critical…

Q: You found a protein called X in colon cancer patients that is over-expressed and is associated with…

A: Metastasis is the process by which cancer cells spread from the primary tumor site to other parts of…

Q: what category of cancer-related genes is it possible to find inherited variants that are associated…

A: Answer is option 3.

Q: The term differentiation refers to (a) the loss of genes from cells. (b) the acquisition of new…

A: Developmental biology is the branch of biology in which the development of the organisms from the…

Q: What is an induced pluripotent stem cell? a. A cell from which the nucleus has been removed b. A…

A: In multicellular living beings, stem cells are undifferentiated or part of the way separated cells…

Q: Mutations to proto-oncogenes act toa. increase cell division. c. repress oncogenes.b. increase DNA…

A: Cancer-critical genes are categorized into classes; Proto-oncogenes and Tumor-suppressor genes. The…

Q: Excess exposure to the sun can lead to skin cancer due to mutations in the DNA of your skin cells.…

A: Answer.  When a normal dividing cell lost its control over its division, differentiation and…

Q: Which of the following is not a tumor suppressor gene? a.RET b.RB c.BRCA1 d.BRCA2

A: A normal cell undergoes regulated division, differentiation, and apoptosis (programmed cell death).…

Q: Discuss the interplay between genetics and environment in the development of cancer (it would be…

A: Research on several diseases have found that the cause of diseases are not only environmental or…

Q: Why would the failure of the p53 tumor supressor gene be more likely to cause cancer in a seventy…

A: Tumor protein p53, which plays a crucial role in the cellular response to DNA damage, is one of the…

Q: Normal (nonmutant) tumor-suppressor genes often functiona. as negative regulators of cell…

A: Cancer is defined as the biological disorder in which the cells undergo uncontrolled growth and cell…

Q: Most inherited forms of cancer involve _______________ and these individuals are for the mutation.…

A: Firstly we can examine what each of the terms given represents. 1. Tumor suppressor gene: It is a…

Q: Much remains unknown about the rapid, uncontrolled growth, or what causes a tumor to metastasize.…

A: Cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells divide uncontrollably and destroy body tissue. A…

Q: The "initiation" stage of cancer refers to:     a)  The stage where DNA is mutated, and permanent…

A: Introduction :  Cancer is defined by the following characteristics: • Uncontrolled…

Q: Many human cancers result when a normal gene mutates and leads to uncontrolled growth (a tumor).…

A: Introduction  Cancer is a popular disease now a day. In the US, 1 in 2 women and 1 in 3 men develop…

Q: Why would a mutation in BRCA1 be considered a driver mutation?  b. Based on what you’ve learned…

A: In this question, we  have to answer 'BRCA gene consider as driver mutation and ATM consider as a…

Q: Define the following terms: a. cell transformation b. oncogene c. apoptosis d. early response gene…

A: Gene regulation is the mechanism that acts to induce or repress the expression of the gene.that…

Q: Which of the following statements about cancer is false? (a) oncogenes arise from mutations in…

A: Proto Oncogenes are the genes that cause cancer when there are alterations in them. Several factors…

Q: A controversial issue, closely related to cloning, that has caused a lot of debate is the use of…

A: Based on the above statements , I would go in for of stem cell research.  By definition, stem-cell…

Q: Which of the following would improve an individual's ability to cancer while aging?: a. decreases…

A: Mutations are a sudden change in the heritable genes which alter its protein product and it does not…

Q: Give a possible explanation for why a mutation in a single gene does not always lead to cancer.

A: Mutation in a gene is defined as any change or alteration in the structure, and hence, function of…

Q: Homeotic genes encode proteins that function as a. cell-signaling proteins. b. transcription…

A: Homeotic genes are any of a group of genes that control the pattern of body formation during the…

Q: Cells in a tumor contain mutated copies of a particular gene that promotes tumor growth. Gene…

A: An oncogene helps in control cell division and  contributes to cancer progression whereas a tumor…

Q: Which of the following is a key feature of stem cells?a. They have the ability to divide.b. They…

A: Stem cells are the earliest type of the cell in cell lineage in multicellular organism. They are…

Q: Which of the following statements about cancer is correct? A. Cancer stem cells can make tumors…

A: Cancer is a disease that occurs when the cells in the body start dividing abnormally. They go out of…

Q: Part A. Gene Q's normal function is to cause apoptosis (cell death) for cells that have chromosome…

A: Cancer in simple term can be referred to a set of diseases which are caused by the production of an…

Q: Stargardt's disease was one of these that can be treated using embryonic stem cells.  Why would…

A: Stem cells are known as the raw materials of the body from which other cells with specialized…

Q: mutated gene that transforms a normal cell into a tumor cell is called a   a. oncogene.   b.…

A: Mutations are the changes in the genetic makeup of the individual which results in the expression of…

Q: Tumor-suppressor genes promote cancer whena. they are overexpressed.b. they are expressed in the…

A: Cancer is a disorder in which abnormal cells divide irrepressibly and destroy the tissues of the…

Q: Sometimes, malignant cells do not stay properly anchored in tissues because of the loss of function…

A: Malignancy It refers to the presence of cancerous cells that have the ability to spread to other…

Q: Tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes are implicated in carcinogenesis. However, one can predict…

A: Oncogene is a gene that is responsible for the formation of cancer cells in the body. Mostly the…

Q: Mutations in the BRCA genes have been shown to be related to a higher incidence of breast cancer in…

A: BRCA is a gene that produces proteins that help repair damaged DNA. everyone has two copies of the…

Q: a. How could you use sequence analysis to determine if this patient inherited the mutation from one…

A: There are various diagnostic technique used to diagnose cancer and they are:- Biopsy, Breast MRI,…

Q: A. What below would be likely to lead to cancer development? A) Overexpression of a cell cycle…

A: Overexpression of RTK (Receptor Tyrosine Kinase) leads to the increased local concentration of the…

Q: The diagram shows the relative activity of a proto-oncogene and a tumor supressor gene in a normal…

A: Proto oncogene: The gene that is important for normal cell growth. Mutations in these proto…

Q: what are the rolls that the p53 gene and RAS protein take on when trying to stop a cancer cell from…

A: Given: Role of p53 and RAS protein to stop a cancer cell from replication. What happens if mutation…

Q: A gene that codes for a positive cell-cycle regulator is called a(n) _____. a. kinase inhibitor. b.…

A: The cell cycle is responsible for the continuity of life from one cell to the next since it…

Genomic studies

Genomic studies (genomics) is the study of the whole genome of an organism. Using bioinformatics and high-performance computing, genomic researchers examined massive amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-sequence data to discover variations or mutations that affect drug response, health, or disease. Genomics is a much younger discipline than genetics, having only emerged in the last few decades as a result of technological advancements in DNA sequencing and computational biology.