The p53 gene was discovered in 1979, but it was not clear whether the gene functioned as an oncogene or a tumor-suppressor gene. Several years later, researchers showed that both p53 alleles are inactivated in some mouse cancers. This evidence suggests

Q: Genetic instability in the form of point mutations, chromosome rearrangements, and epigenetic…

A: Answer: Introduction: Mutation- These are the random heritable changes that occurs in the DNA…

Q: Define tumor-suppressor genes. Why is a mutated single copy of a tumor-suppressor gene expected to…

A: The repeated and uncontrollable division of cells forms a large mass called the tumor. Tumors might…

Q: Why is it important to model cancer through the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells ?…

A: Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) is a type of stem cell(pluripotent) in nature that is derived…

Q: Which of the following best describes a gene that codes for a tumor-suppressor protein? a. One that…

A: Cell growth is the process by which cells gain mass and expand in size. Animal cells that are…

Q: These genes are involved in normal cell growth and division, but if mutated, could become more…

A: Oncogenes are tumour-causing genes. They are mutated and abnormal that leading to uncontrolled cell…

Q: a)Proteins that stimulate/promote progression through the cell cycle are encoded by (oncogenes or…

A: Hi! Thank you for the question. As you have posted a question with multiple subparts, I will be…

Q: Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.…

A: Cdk - cyclin dependent kinases is one.  APC - anaphase promoting Ced mutants - cell death mutants…

Q: Discuss the complete cell cycle in a human cell, mitosis and meiosis, and the regulatory components…

A: There are two types of cell division.They are Mitosis and Meiosis. Most of the times,the type of…

Q: What is the difference between an oncogene and a tumor-suppressor gene? Give some examples of the…

A: Cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cell survival are under the control of some critical…

Q: You found a protein called X in colon cancer patients that is over-expressed and is associated with…

A: Metastasis is the process by which cancer cells spread from the primary tumor site to other parts of…

Q: what category of cancer-related genes is it possible to find inherited variants that are associated…

A: Answer is option 3.

Q: The p53 gene encodes a tumor-suppressor protein, p53, which acts as a transcription factor for…

A: Answer. Genes for which a gain of function mutation drives a cell towards cancer are called proto…

Q: Tumor Suppressor Genes are often called as gatekeepers because: a. They signify their involvement…

A: The correct option is a i.e.They signify their involvement in governing the dynamics of cell…

Q: Although tobacco smoking is responsible for a large number of human cancers, not all smokers develop…

A: Cancer refers to the uncontrolled cell division caused by the mutations in the genes which control…

Q: Describe how Ras and p53 can alter the simplified genetic pathway controlling cell division shown…

A: There are two general types of genes that play a fundamental role in cancer induction:…

Q: Why would the failure of the p53 tumor supressor gene be more likely to cause cancer in a seventy…

A: Tumor protein p53, which plays a crucial role in the cellular response to DNA damage, is one of the…

Q: Match the gene on the left with the gene category on the right.…

A: Genes  Genes are the information coded in a DNA. They make our protein and enzyme. They are…

Q: A research study indicated that an agent in cigarette smoke caused the silencing of a tumor…

A: The TP53 gene provides instructions for making a protein called tumor protein p53 (p53). This…

Q: Normal (nonmutant) tumor-suppressor genes often functiona. as negative regulators of cell…

A: Cancer is defined as the biological disorder in which the cells undergo uncontrolled growth and cell…

Q: Suppose Nicole recently learned that she inherited a mutant BRCA1 allele from her mother, who had…

A: BRCA1 is a tumor suppressor gene usually expressed in breast cells. It is responsible for repairing…

Q: Most inherited forms of cancer involve _______________ and these individuals are for the mutation.…

A: Firstly we can examine what each of the terms given represents. 1. Tumor suppressor gene: It is a…

Q: Much remains unknown about the rapid, uncontrolled growth, or what causes a tumor to metastasize.…

A: Cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells divide uncontrollably and destroy body tissue. A…

Q: 1. The diagrams (A and B) below represent the two common types of cancer genes; one diagram…

A: Genetic material is nothing but the sequence of nucleic acids which is called as DNA. It contains…

Q: Why would a mutation in BRCA1 be considered a driver mutation?  b. Based on what you’ve learned…

A: In this question, we  have to answer 'BRCA gene consider as driver mutation and ATM consider as a…

Q: Many of the mutations in cancer samples are not necessarily driver mutations, but rather passenger…

A: Hematologic childhood cancer can develop in any part of the body, including the blood and lymph…

Q: Acquired mutation in the p53 gene is the most common genetic alteration found in human cancer (> 50%…

A: The correct option is F. Transcription factor

Q: Which of the following statements about cancer is false? (a) oncogenes arise from mutations in…

A: Proto Oncogenes are the genes that cause cancer when there are alterations in them. Several factors…

Q: Define oncogene, proto-oncogene, and tumor-suppressor gene.

A: The most common gene in people with cancer is p53 or TP53. More than 50% of cancers involve the lost…

Q: Classify the following genes as proto-oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes: p53, ras, Bcl-2,…

A: Proto-oncogene is a normal gene which have many different functions in the cell, like providing…

Q: Tumor suppressor proteins can assist in slowing down the cell cycle under appropriate conditions. In…

A: Mutation can be classified in many ways - like point mutations are substitutions, frameshift…

Q: Part A. Gene Q's normal function is to cause apoptosis (cell death) for cells that have chromosome…

A: Cancer in simple term can be referred to a set of diseases which are caused by the production of an…

Q: Genetic instability in the form of point mutations, chromosome rearrangements, and epigenetic…

A: A mutation is a form of alteration in which a single change changes a nucleotide of nucleic acid. It…

Q: There are three broad categories of cancer-related genes: proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes,…

A: It is an uncontrollable cell division that get metastasized into surrounding tissues.

Q: Why are PARP inhibitors effective in killing tumor cells with BRCA-deficiency but not Rb deficiency?…

A: Anti-oncogene or tumor suppressor gene regulate cell division and DNA repair mechanism. Any mutation…

Q: A cell inherits a mutation in a gene that results in a transcription factor, called NF-kB,…

A: Introduction :- Mutations are defined as the changes in the DNA sequence and thus , hereditary in…

Q: Genetic tests that detect mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 tumor-suppressor genes are widely…

A: Answer: Introduction: The genes like the breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and breast cancer 2 (BRCA2) genes…

Q: Sometimes, malignant cells do not stay properly anchored in tissues because of the loss of function…

A: Malignancy It refers to the presence of cancerous cells that have the ability to spread to other…

Q: Tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes are implicated in carcinogenesis. However, one can predict…

A: Oncogene is a gene that is responsible for the formation of cancer cells in the body. Mostly the…

Q: You genetically engineer a cell line so that the S-Cyclin gene promoter is replaced with the…

A: The alterations of S phase and chromosome Segragtion that is mitosis is important in eukaryotic…

Q: The protein that ensures the fidelity of DNA replication is the a. tumor repressor P53 protein. b.…

A: The capacity of polymerase to prevent or rectify mistakes in the newly synthesized DNA strand is…

Q: Proto-oncogenes normally function to increase v cell division. If a mutation occurs to a…

A: Proto - oncogenes normally function to stimulating cell division . If a mutation occurs to a proto -…

Q: RCA1 is a tumor suppressor gene. BRCA1* is the symbol for the non-mutant or wild-type form of the…

A: BRCA1 mutations are also linked to a higher risk of triple-negative breast cancer, which is a very…

Q: One major goal of modern cancer therapy is toidentify small molecules—anticancer drugs—that canbe…

A: Anticancer drugs are used against cancer. Chemotherapy drugs kill cancer cells by stopping them from…

Q: Cellular levels of tumor suppressor protein p53 is maintained by a ubiquitin ligase protein, called…

A: From the above information, we can make the following inferences - 1. p53, as indicated in the…

Q: The diagram shows the relative activity of a proto-oncogene and a tumor supressor gene in a normal…

A: Proto oncogene: The gene that is important for normal cell growth. Mutations in these proto…

Q: what are the rolls that the p53 gene and RAS protein take on when trying to stop a cancer cell from…

A: Given: Role of p53 and RAS protein to stop a cancer cell from replication. What happens if mutation…

Genomic studies

Genomic studies (genomics) is the study of the whole genome of an organism. Using bioinformatics and high-performance computing, genomic researchers examined massive amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-sequence data to discover variations or mutations that affect drug response, health, or disease. Genomics is a much younger discipline than genetics, having only emerged in the last few decades as a result of technological advancements in DNA sequencing and computational biology.