Concepts of Biology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168116
Author: Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Textbook Question
Chapter 6, Problem 8RQ
________ are changes to the
a. Proto-oncogenes
b. Tumor suppressor genes
c. Gene mutations
d. Negative regulators
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Mutations to proto-oncogenes act toa. increase cell division. c. repress oncogenes.b. increase DNA repair. d. decrease cell division
Cancer causing genes are called ________. a. transformation genes b. tumor suppressor genes c. oncogenes d. mutated genes
Most forms of cancer involvea. the activation of a single oncogene.b. the inactivation of a single tumor-suppressor gene.c. the activation of multiple oncogenes.d. the activation of multiple oncogenes and the inactivation ofmultiple tumor-suppressor genes.
Chapter 6 Solutions
Concepts of Biology
Ch. 6 - Figure 6.4 Which of the following is the correct...Ch. 6 - A diploid cell has _ ____ the number of...Ch. 6 - An organism’s traits are determined by the...Ch. 6 - Chromosomes are duplicated during what portion of...Ch. 6 - Separation of the sister chromatids is a...Ch. 6 - The individual chromosomes become visible with a...Ch. 6 - What is necessary for a cell to pass the G2...Ch. 6 - ________ are changes to the nucleotides in a...Ch. 6 - A gene that codes for a positive cell cycle...Ch. 6 - Which eukaryotic cell-cycle event is missing in...
Ch. 6 - FtsZ proteins direct the formation of a ________...Ch. 6 - Compare and contrast a human somatic cell to a...Ch. 6 - Describe the similarities and differences between...Ch. 6 - Outline the steps that lead to a cell becoming...Ch. 6 - Explain the difference between a proto-oncogene...Ch. 6 - Name the common components of eukaryotic cell...
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- Sometimes, malignant cells do not stay properly anchored in tissues because of the loss of function of: a. cell walls b. oncogenes c. plasma membrane adhesion proteins d. nuclear membranes e. tumor suppressor genesarrow_forwardThe term differentiation refers to (a) the loss of genes from cells. (b) the acquisition of new functional capabilities by cells. (c) the production of functionally specialized cells. (d) the division of genes among different types of cells.arrow_forwardWhich of the following demonstrates the link between oncogenes and cancer? a.Oncogenes do not have mutations that increase the activity or number of molecules that stimulate mitosis. b.Oncogenes produce molecules that inhibit mitosis. c.They are genes that transform tumor cells into normal cells. d.The mutations in oncogenes increase the activity or number of molecules that stimulate mitosis, leading to irregular cell division.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements correctly describes a characteristic of tumor-suppressor gene? a) they are frequently overexpressed in cancerous cells. b) they are cancer-causing genes introduced into cells by viruses. c) they encode proteins that help prevent uncontrolled cell growth. d) they often encode proteins that stimulate the cell cycle.arrow_forwardWhy would the failure of the p53 tumor supressor gene be more likely to cause cancer in a seventy year old person compared to a ten year old person? Group of answer choices A. the p53 gene never works well in old people B. cells divide more rapidly as people get older C.The seventy year old is more likely to have pre-existing failures in cell cycle control D. there are fewer mutations in genes controlling the cell cycle in older peoplearrow_forwardStargardt's disease was one of these that can be treated using embryonic stem cells. Why would scientist chose to use this type of stem cell in treatment of Stargard's? A. There ae not ethical issue concerning their use B. They retain stem cell properties even after specialization C. They are able to differentiate into the required cell type D. They are already specialized for this funtionarrow_forward
- Which of the following must scientists understand in order to create effective cancer treatments? Select all that apply. a why cancer is difficult to treat b where cancer originated c how cancer cells multiply d how cancer cells growarrow_forwardThe normal function of the Rb protein is toa. act as a brake on cell division.b. produce retinoblastoma.c. facilitate retinal pigmentation.d. initiate DNA replication.arrow_forwardWhich of the following factors contributes to angiogenesis as a result of a tumor growth? Select all that apply: a. Increasing tumor's access to oxygen and nutrients b. Increasing tumor's ability for growth, invasion, and metastasis c. Increasing expression of proto-oncogenes for cancer cells d. Increasing expression of tumor-suppressor genes for cancer cellsarrow_forward
- In a wild-type cell, the function of a protein encoded by a tumor-suppressor gene is to cause a cell to ______. A.) stop dividing B.)extend its telomeres C.) grow toward a new blood vessel D.) respond to a growth factorarrow_forwardWhich of the following best describes a gene that codes for a tumor-suppressor protein? a. One that helps to prevent progression through the cell cycle. b. One that helps prevent apoptosis. c. One that codes for a DNA repair enzyme. d. One that supports part of a growth factor signaling pathway.arrow_forwardA tumor suppressor genea. inhibits cell division.b. opposes oncogenes.c. prevents cancer.d. is subject to mutations.e. All of these are correct.arrow_forward
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