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- (J) Suppose the production process of a particular good creates a negative externality such as pollution. Other things being equal, would society be better off if this good were produced by a perfectly competitive market or by a monopoly? a. Society would be better off if this good were produced by a perfectly competitive market, because a perfectly competitive market responds to consumers' desires in the long run b. Society would be better off if this good were produced by a perfectly competitive market, because a perfectly competitive market will produce the quantity where Marginal Revenue equals Marginal Cost c. Society would be better off if this good were produced by a monopoly,Please help and explainAssume a water market, and let MB denote the marginal benefit from spraying fertilizers while MC denotes the marginal cost. That is, MB = 10 - q, and MC = 3/2 q where q denotes total pollution generated.The state government would like to define the rights to the underground water and set an institution that will lead to pollution regulation. 1. Use a figure to depict the competitive outcome. Derive the competitive equilibrium outcome. What is the net benefit, net cost, and the equilibrium amount of pollution generated, i.e., q?2. Use a second figure to explain how well-defined property rights can create a market for the pollution and internalize fertilizer's social cost. Separate the analysis to two different institutions and assume surpluses are distributed evenly between the polluter and pollutee:1. The cotton producer, who is also the polluter, has the right to pollute and the ownership of the underground water.2. Assume the dairy farmer, who is the pollutee,…3. a) Suppose a monopolistically competitive firm operates in a long run which produces 40 umits of output at 120 taka per-unit cost (average total cost). Also, MC of producing 40-unit output is 60 taka. By using this information, show the long run situation of a monopolistically competitive firm in an appropriate diagram. Show all the relevant information in your diagram. b) Calculate cxcess capacity if socially efficient output is 100 units. Show it in graph too. [Note: a) and b) are related questions]
- Write down a model of positive production externality with two firms, in which theproduction activities of one firm directly affects the production/cost of the other firm.State and explain the key assumptions of the model. Using the model, answer thefollowing questions:(a) Explain why the presence of a positive production externality could prevent therealisation of an efficient outcome.(b) Name a possible cure for the positive production externality and explain how itcould solve the inefficiency problem.Consider the case of innovating vaccines without patents (in a perfectly competitive market) (a) Does an externality exist? If so, is it positive/negative (or both) (b) Use Coase’s framework to identify the cause of the externality (c) If an externality exists, determine whether the Coase theorem applies (i.e. is it feasible to assign property rights and solve the problem?) (d) If an externality exists and the Coase theorem does not apply, discuss a government/institutional solution that can mitigate the problem of externalityUsing the MR = MC rule, what is the profit-maximizing level of output (in thousands of KWHs)? What price will Putrid charge for the profit-maximizing level of output? Assume that if electricity is supplied by competitive firms, the market price is 55 and the quantity supplied is 8 (‘000 KWHs)? What is the amount of the deadweight loss to society of producing electricity by monopolist Global Gas and Electric? Determine and compare the amount of consumer surplus and producer surplus if the service is provided by competitive firms and by the monopolist.
- Suppose that you have an inverse demand curve (Pd = a − bQd) with an intercept of 5 and a slope coefficient of 1. Inverse supply is Ps=c+dQs; c=1 and d=2 There is also a 110% externality on the production of the good i.e. it costs socialy 110% on top of what it costs the firm to make a given unit, so our MSC will have intercept and slope terms that are 110% larger than those on the inverse supply curve. What is the market equilibrium quantity? [please give with two decimals].11-) Andrew, Beth, and Cathy live in Lindhville. Andrew’s demand for bike paths, a public good, is given by Q = 12–2P. Beth’s demand is Q = 18–P, and Cathy’s is Q = 8–P/3. The marginal cost of building a bike path is MC = 21. The town government decides to use the following procedure for deciding how many paths to build. It asks each resident how many paths they want, and it builds the largest number asked for by any resident. To pay for these paths, it then taxes Andrew, Beth, and Cathy the prices a, b, and c per path, respectively, where a + b + c = MC. (The residents know these tax rates before stating how many paths they want.)A-). If the taxes are set so that each resident shares the cost evenly (a = b = c), how many paths will get built?B) Show that the government can achieve the social optimum by setting the correct tax prices a, b, and c. What prices should it set?Figure 8.1 shows the marginal pollution control costs per ton for a firm that would pollute at Qmax without any regulation. Suppose a pollution tax of T1 per ton were implemented, with the firm reducing pollution to Qtax. What area(s) would represent(s) the firm’s pollution reduction costs, not considering the taxes it pays? Group of answer choices A+B A+B+C B+C D C
- Hi, Could you help me solve this problem? The problem is a continuance to an ”efficient output ” based on a social planner’s problem, where it was compared to the output in the market equilibrium with monopolistic competition. The problem: Now consider the social planner’s problem in the context of labour supply and income taxation and compare the solution to it to a market equilibrium with potentially distortionary taxation. The rest of the problem is attacteh ad an image.Suppose that the market for a certain good has an inverse demand of P = 200 − Q.The aggregate private marginal cost for the firms that produce the good is MC = 20 + Q.However, production of the good also creates pollution with an external marginal cost ofEMC = 10 + Q/2.a) If this is a perfectly competitive market with no regulation, what is theequilibrium price and quantity produced?b) Suppose instead that the market is a monopoly. Calculate the profit-maximizingprice and quantity.c) Determine the socially efficient price and quantity for the good.d) Calculate the socially optimal Pigouvian tax to levy on the competitive firms tomake them produce at the socially efficient level.I notice that the last section which I'm including isn't explained. ------ Regulation Versus Tradable Permits Determine the total cost of eliminating six units of pollution using both methods, and enter the amounts in the following table. (Hint: You might need to get information from previous tasks to complete this table.) Proposed Method Total Cost of Eliminating Six Units of Pollution (Dollars) Regulation ?? Tradable Permits ?? In this case, you can conclude that eliminating pollution is ___ costly to society when the government distributes tradable permits than when it regulates each firm to eliminate a certain amount of pollution. ------ Can you please explain this part of the question? Much appreciated.