Punctuated Equilibrium is a hypothesisthat ...suggests that evolution is not gradual but occursin uneven pulses, where the evolution of newspecies can happen rapidly.O None of these answers are truesuggests evolution happens when there is adisturbance in "the force."O envisions evolution occurring through suddenchanges in a gene pool.envisions evolution as a slow/gradual process.

Punctuated equilibrium is a hypothesis that evolution of a species is marked by sudden isolated…

Punctuated Equilibrium is a hypothesis that ... O suggests that evolution is not gradual but occurs in uneven pulses, where the evolution of new species can happen rapidly. O None of these answers are true O suggests evolution happens when there is a disturbance in “the force.” envisions evolution occurring through sudden changes in a gene pool. envisions evolution as a slow/gradual process.

Punctuated Equilibrium is a hypothesis that ... O suggests that evolution is not gradual but occurs in uneven pulses, where the evolution of new species can happen rapidly. O None of these answers are true O suggests evolution happens when there is a disturbance in “the force.” envisions evolution occurring through sudden changes in a gene pool. envisions evolution as a slow/gradual process.

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter19: Population Genetics And Human Evolution

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 21QP

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House sparrows (Maya) were introduced to North America in 1852. Since that time thesparrows have evolved different characteristics in different locations. Sparrow populations inthe north are larger-bodied than sparrow populations in the south. This divergence inpopulations is probably at least partly a result of natural selection: larger-bodied birds canoften survive lower temperatures than smaller-bodied birds can. Colder weather in the northmay select for larger-bodied birds. What type of evolution based on natural selectionaccounts for this observation? Explain your answer.
Recent reconstructions of evolutionary history are often dependenton assigning divergence in terms of changes in amino acid ornucleotide sequences. For example, a comparison of cytochromec shows 10 amino acid differences between humans and dogs,24 differences between humans and moths, and 38 differencesbetween humans and yeast. Such data provide no information asto the absolute times of divergence for humans, dogs, moths, andyeast. How might one calibrate the molecular clock to an absolutetime clock? What problems might one encounter in such acalibration?
Full or partial limblessness has evolved many times invertebrates (snakes, lizards, manatees, whales). Do youexpect the mutations that occurred in the evolution oflimblessness to be in the coding or noncoding sequencesof toolkit genes? Why?
Offically speaking, did Charles Darwin develop the theory of "evolution" or the theory of "descent with modification?" I know he coined the second term but I can't find if that's all he's historically creditited with.
Rates of evolution appear to vary in different lin-eages. For example, the rate of evolution in the rat lineageis significantly higher than in the human lineage. Theserate differences are apparent whether one looks at changesin nucleotide sequences that encode proteins and are sub-ject to selective pressure or at changes in noncoding nucle-otide sequences, which are not under obvious selectionpressure. Can you offer one or more possible explanationsfor the slower rate of evolutionary change in the humanlineage versus the rat lineage?
. Some scientists vigorously rejected Darwin’sideas when On the Origin of Species was published. Richard Owen (1860), perhaps the mostrespected biologist in England, wrote (amongmany other objections): “Are all the recognisedorganic forms of the present date, so differentiated, so complex, so superior to conceivableprimordial simplicity of form and structure,as to testify to the effects of Natural Selectioncontinuously operating through untold time?Unquestionably not. The most numerous livingbeings … are precisely those which offer suchsimplicity of form and structure, as best agrees…with that ideal prototype from which…vegetableand animal life might have diverged.” Howmight Darwin, or you, argue against Owen’slogic?
DNA-sequencing studies for a gene in two closely relatedspecies produce the following numbers of sites that vary:Synonymous polymorphisms 50Nonsynonymous polymorphisms 20Synonymous species differences 18Nonsynonymous species differences 2Does this result support neutral evolution of the gene?Does it support an adaptive replacement of aminoacids? What explanation would you offer for theobservations?
The theory of evolution is most accurately described as Group of answer choices A. Nn opinion that some scientists hold about how life originated on Earth. B. An overarching explanation, supported by much evidence, for how populations change over time and new species arise from ancestral species. C. One possible explanation, among several scientific alternatives, about how species have come into existence. D. An educated guess about how species originate. E. An idea about how acquired characteristics are passed on to subsequent generations.
. The upper forelimbs of humans and bats have fairly similarskeletal structures, whereas the corresponding bones inwhales have very different shapes and proportions. However,genetic data suggest that all three kinds of organisms divergedfrom a common ancestor at about the same time. Which ofthe following is the most likely explanation for these data?(A) Forelimb evolution was adaptive in people and bats, butnot in whales.(B) Natural selection in an aquatic environment resulted insignificant changes to whale forelimb anatomy.(C) Genes mutate faster in whales than in humans or bats.(D) Whales are not properly classified as mammals.
In what way does the modern synthesis strengthen scientific understanding of evolution? (a) is based on the sequence of fossils in rock layers (b) uses genetics to explain the source of hereditary variation that is essentialto natural selection (c) was first proposed by ancient Greek scholars (d) considers the influence of the geographic distribution of organisms on their evolution (e) is reinforced by homologies that are explained by common descent
Which of the following is not true of natural selection?(a) natural selection acts to preserve favorable traits and eliminate unfavorable traits (b) the offspring of individuals that are better adapted to the environment will make up a larger proportion of the next generation (c) natural selection directs the course of evolution by preserving the traitsacquired during an individual’s lifetime (d) natural selection Test Your Understanding acts on a population’s genetic variability, which arisesthrough mutation (e) natural selection may result in changes in allele frequencies in a population
Consider Theodosius Dobzhansky’s remark, “Nothing in biologymakes sense except in the light of evolution.” Why is evolution soimportant to the field of biology? Give some specific examples of howthe theory of evolution helps us to make sense of biology.