Q.3 In network programming, structs are often used to represent protocol headers due to their ability to neatly encapsulate various types of data. (a) Define a struct named ProtocolHeader with the following fields to mimic a network protocol header: " version (unsigned integer, 4 bits) IHL (Internet Header Length, unsigned integer, 4 bits) typeOfService (unsigned integer, 8 bits) totalLength (unsigned integer, 16 bits) identification (unsigned integer, 16 bits) flags (unsigned integer, 3 bits) fragmentOffset (unsigned integer, 13 bits) timeToLive (unsigned integer, 8 bits) protocol (unsigned integer, 8 bits) headerChecksum (unsigned integer, 16 bits)

CIS269     **SEE ATTATCHED PICS FOR BEST TRANSLATION** Packet Translation Lab   Break down the following IP datagram into its individual fields, listing the value of each. Hint:  It’s an IP datagram containing a TCP segment containing another protocol…   45        00        00        31 94        00        40        00 80        06        1B       9F 80        A3       C9       29 D8       45        29        15 04        09        00        15 00        00        C3       A1 DF       65        A8       45 50        18        20        AA 8E       8C       00        00 43        57        44        20 66        75        6E       0D 0A

We have seen that Internet TCP sockets treat the data being sent as a byte stream but UDP sockets recognize message boundaries. What are one advantage and one disadvantage of byte-oriented API versus having the API explicitly recognize and preserve application-defined message boundaries?

The following questions are related to HTTP protocol Q1. The first line of a HTTP request from some client to some server is basically made of where the web page file path is added. The path is shown as folders separated by slash. Q2. If an HTTP server responds to a client request and the response is a success, what is the http code and string that marks a success response? Must provide the code and the string as they appear in TCPDump or Wireshark traces. (note: use upper case for the string and also proper spacing in you answers. Keep the order of the string and the code as seen in TCPDump) Answer: code and string that marks a success response Q3. What http header field is used to identify an address of a web page (i.e. the URI) that linked to the resource currently being requested. This field indicates the last page the user/requester was on by the time they link to the requested page. Answer: The field that indicates the last page the user/requester was on is Q4. What is the http…

Q1: The following is a dump of a UDP header in binary form 0100 0001 0010 0011 0100 0001 0010 0111 0000 0000 0010 1111 0100 0001 0011 1111 Find in decimal form the following: (a) Source port number (b) Destination port number (c) Total length of the UDP (d) Length of the data (e) Check sum. (5 Marks)

Consider the following string of ASCII characters that were captured by  Wireshark when the browser sent an HTTP GET message (i.e., this is the actual  content of an HTTP GET message). The characters <cr><lf> are carriage return  and line-feed characters (that is, the italized character string <cr> in the text below  represents the single carriage-return character that was contained at that point in  the HTTP header). Answer the following questions, indicating where in the HTTP  GET message below you will find the answer.

What is "static routing"?

Why is exercise testing protocol selection important?

The process by which each successive layer of the protocol stack appends its data onto the message is known as which of the following? encapsulation encryption transmission assembly