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- The Customs Inspection agency at international airports has developed a traveler profiling system (TPS) to detect passengers who are trying to bring more liquor into the country than is allowed by present regulations. Long-term studies indicate that 20% of the passengers are carrying more liquor than is allowed. Tests on the new TPS scheme has shown that of those carrying illegal amounts of liquor, 80% will be identified and subject to complete luggage search. In addition 20% of those not carrying illegal amounts of liquor will also be identified by TPS and subject to a complete luggage search.If a passenger is identified by TPS, what is the probability that the passenger is carrying an illegal amount of liquor? Comment on the value of this system.One of the pitfalls of Randomized Control Trials is that: Hard to ensure that people who are randomly assigned to treatment group are actually treated. Hard to come up with reasonable alternatives that are uniquely different from the control groups Control Group Contamination. All of the above. None of the above.E4 The demand function below is estimated using the data generated by a randomized controlled trial: Lnqx^d=a+b*Lnpx+c*LnpY+d*Lnpz+e where qx^d is the quantity demanded of the product of interest (X), px is the price of the product of interest (X), py is the price of a substitute product (Y), and pz is the price of a complement product (Z). Also, e is the error term. The table below shows the 95% confidence interval estimation for parameters b, c, and d: Parameter Lower Limit of 95%CIE Upper Limit of 95%CIE b -0.052 -0.031 c -0.025 +0.045 d -0.154 -0.075 16. Consider the lower limit of 95%CIE for parameter b. A 10 percent increase in price of X is expected to reduce the demand for X by _____ percent. Note: Round your answer to two decimal points. 17. Consider the upper limit of 95% CIE for parameter b. A 10 percent increase in price X is expected to reduce the demand for X by ______ percent Note: Round your answer to two decimal points.
- State the main difference between the following study designs in one sentence (focus on the exposure-outcome relationship): a. Randomized controlled trials and Clinical Crossover Trials b. Observational and experimental studies c. Prospective and retrospective cohort studiesThe proportion of an insurance company’s premium income spent on provision of treatments is called the formulary. capitation per member per month. point of service. medical loss ratio. total premium.Government support for the development of Covid-19 vaccines took two different forms. Some firms accepted grants (a.k.a, direct monetary support) for vaccine development and testing. As a condition of the grant, the government has options to purchase a first and specific number of vaccine doses. Other firms chose not to accept grants. Instead they negotiated advanced-purchase agreement to support pre-approval manufacturing of vaccines. The purchase agreement stipulates that payment will be made upon delivery of the pre-specified number of doses. 1. Is the successful development and delivery of a vaccine for Covid-19 virus risky or an uncertainty? 2. In the case of direct support agreements, who bears the cost of failure? 3. In the case of advanced purchase agreements, who bears the cost of a failure? 4. Pfizer was the first firm to have its vaccine authorized for use in the U.S. It did not accept a grant to support development and testing, but the Pfizer did negotiate an…
- Q10. Part part ii drop down boxes both give the options: A: Overestimate B: Underestimate C: Accurate estimateAge specific data on the incidence of colon cancer in male and female populations of Finland during 1999 are given in the following table Calculate the following summary measures: (a) crude incidence rate in both populations and the rate ratio: males vs. females (b) age-standardized rates and their ratio using the male population as the standard (c) age-standardized rates and their ratio using the World Standard Population (d) cumulative rates up to 75 years and their ratioGovernment support for the development of Covid-19 vaccines took two different forms. Some firms accepted grants (a.k.a, direct monetary support) for vaccine development and testing. As a condition of the grant, the government has options to purchase a first and specific number of vaccine doses. Other firms chose not to accept grants. Instead they negotiated advanced-purchase agreement to support pre-approval manufacturing of vaccines. The purchase agreement stipulates that payment will be made upon delivery of the pre-specified number of doses. Is the successful development and delivery of a vaccine for Covid-19 virus risky or an uncertainty?
- A researcher studying the effects of a new fertilizer on crop yields plansto carry out an experiment in which different amounts of the fertilizerare applied to 100 different 1-acre parcels of land. There will be fourtreatment levels. Treatment level 1 is no fertilizer, treatment level 2 is50% of the manufacturer’s recommended amount of fertilizer, treatmentlevel 3 is 100%, and treatment level 4 is 150%. The researcher plans toapply treatment level 1 to the first 25 parcels of land, treatment level 2to the second 25 parcels, and so forth. Can you suggest a better way toassign treatment levels? Why is your proposal better than the researcher’smethod?Consider the following scenario: The significance level is 5% Of all tested hypotheses, 40% are true The statistical power is 40% What is the probability of the finding being true, given that the estimate is statistically significant? (State your answer as percentage without the percent symbol. For example, if you think the correct answer is 10%, just state 10)S1: The spread of COVID -19 is directly related to population density. S2: Morbidity rates are not the concern in developed countries. A. True, True B. True, False C. False, True D. False, False