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- Suppose the government borrows $20 billion more next year than this year. a. Use a supply-and-demand diagram to analyze this policy. Does the interest rate rise or fall? b. What happens to investments?To private savings?To public savings?To national savings? Compare the size of the changes to the $20 billion of extra government borrowing. c.How does the elasticity of supply of loanable funds affect the size of these changes? d. How does the elasticity of demand of loanable funds affect the size of these changes?Question:- How would each of the following events to affect the level of interest rates? Sketch demand and supply diagrams of the market for lending and borrowing to illustrate your answers. Also, for each answer say whether crowding out is likely to be a problem. 1. the budget surplus increases 2. the budget deficit increases and contractionary monetary policy is implemented 3. the budget deficit increases and expansionary monetary policy is implementedFrom the end of 2009 to the end of 2019, the size of the United States National Debt held by the public grew from $6.8 trillion to $17.2 trillion. During the same period, the 10 year US Treasury Bond yield to maturity fell from 3.59% in December 2009 to 1.86% in December of 2019. Explain how such an increase in the supply of government bonds can lead to a fall in the interest rate. Second, consider that the 10 year bond rate has fallen further in 2020 to 0.68 percent on October 1, despite a further increase in the national debt ($20.5 trillion as of June 30, 2020) due to the decline in the economy and increase in federal government spending. Why has this continued in 2020 during an economic crisis?
- a). Under what condition do we say a financial market is efficient? Distinguish between weak and semi-strong form efficiency. b). Explain any five (5) ways a company can raise equity capital in the financial market. c). One of the ways in which the government can finance its fiscal deficit is to borrow funds through the domestic loanable fund market. Explain how this deficit financing strategy of the government can crowd out the domestic private sector and increase interest rate.43)Which one of the following statements is TRUE? Select one: a.“Cowding out” occurs because the Fed increases money supply and lowers interest rate b.“Crowding out” occurs because the Govt increases govt expenditures and this causes private consumption and investment to increase c.Crowding out” occurs because the Govt decreases govt expenditures and this causes private consumption and investment to decrease d.“Crowding out” occurs because the Govt increases govt expenditures and this causes private consumption and investment to decreaseThe economy is characterized as: C=100+0.8Yd G=T =50 I=50-25i MS=200 P=1 Md=Y-25i 1. What is the budgetary deficit? 2. What is the total demand for money? 3. What is the equilibrium interest rate?
- It can be argued that banks are a very useful part of creating economic activity. It can also be argued that they are inherently unstable. Explain these two perspectives. don't provide plB1(b) Show consumption c1 and c2 (you can use algebraic or graphical methods). In the answer, you should discuss whether a1 ≥ 0 or a1 < 0 and provide an economic interpretation. What determine(s) the sign of a1 and why? Explain how a credit constraint can be modeled by a1 ≥ 0 and under this constraint how does your answer to B1(b) change? How does it change if there is a banking markup such that the borrowing interest rate is above the interest rate of r = 0 assumed earlier? Hint: try to relate your reasoning to the permanent income hypothesis. Suppose a0 = A0/P1 where A0 ≥ 0 denotes the savings in nominal terms. Consider a supply-side shock that leads to a surprise significant increase of the price level only in period 1. Should the government change its tax plan if a1 ≥ 0 is imposed?Graphically explain (using both bond market and money market graphs) what is the impact on interest rates when the Federal Reserve decreases the money supply by selling bonds to the public. If the federal government were to reduce the income tax rates, would this have any impact on a state's cost of borrowing funds? Draw graphs and explain.
- Suppose a credit market with good borrowers and 1−a bad borrower. The good borrowers are all identical and always repay their loans. Bad borrowers never repay their loans. Banks issue deposits that pay a real interest rate r, and make loans to borrowers. Banks cannot tell the difference between a good borrower and a bad one. Each borrower has collateral, which is an asset that is worth A units of future consumption goods in the future period. Determine the interest rate on loans made by banks. How will the interest rate change if each borrower has more collateral?Explain how government borrowing affect interest rate in the market. What impact such change in interest rate could have on the economy?(1) Suppose you just bought a treasury bill for $965 that matures in three months (91 days), and has a face value of $1,000. What is your bond’s current discount yield? What is your bond’s current investment yield? ANS: (2) The French Government runs a budget surplus to finance its expenditure. Use the loanable funds model to show what happens to the interest rate, investments, and the quantity of loanable funds. ANS: (3) Which of the following is money? An American Express traveler’s check Checking deposits at Washington Mutual bank. The check you have just written to pay for school fees. ANS: