Question #9 In the kidney the malate:aspartate shuttle is the only system that transports the electrons (reducingequivalents) held on by cytosolic NADH into the mitochondria. The compound n-butylmalonate completely inhibits themalate:aspartate shuttle. In an experiment n-butylmalonate is added to an aerobic suspension of kidney cells that areusing glucose as their sole source of fuel. Predict the effect of the inhibitor on the following. Make sure to provide a briefexplanation.9A Lactate formation.9B Oxygen consumption by the cells9C The total amount of ATP produced for each glucose molecule

The main function of the malate aspartate shuttle is to perform the transportation of reducing…

Answered: Question #9 In the kidney the…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Question 1: ATP synthases contains 3 copies of each of the large subunits (called α and β in the E. coli enzyme). The number of c subunits can vary among different ATP synthases, ranging from 8 to 17. Part a: Briefly explain how this variation in the number of c subunits would affect the energetics of ATP synthesis. For a fixed value of the protonmotive force, how much energy can the gradient provide to drive one revolution of the ATP synthase, in a synthase with 8 c- subunits versus a synthase with 17 c-subunits?
QUESTION 26 During gluconeogenesis, whereby liver cells convert pyruvate to glucose, Fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) is converted to Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P). If the standard equilibrium concentrations are: [F6P] = 0.52 M and [G6P] = 1.48 M, then Keq’ is ______ and the reaction is ________. Fructose-6-P ó Glucose-6-P > 1; exergonic > 1; endergonic < 1; exergonic < 1; endergonic
Question 1: Cytochrome c oxidase actually conserves energy not just by pumping protons from the matrix to cytosol but also by consuming protons from the matrix in production of water. If consumption of a matrix proton has a similar effect on the gradient as pumping a proton (not strictly true but a fair place to start), what would the efficiency of energy conservation be?
QUESTION NO. 1L-Carnitine is synthesized primarily in the liver but also in the kidneys and then transported to other tissues. It is most concentrated in tissues that use fatty acids as their primary fuel, such as skeletal and cardiac muscle. In this regard, L-carnitine plays an important role in energy production by conjugating to fatty acids for transport from the cytosol into the mitochondria. L-carnitine shuttle is an example of A. ion driven active transport B. facilitated diffusion C. simple diffusion D. ATP driven active transportE. symport F. antiportQUESTION NO.2 Statements: (1) Glucose is both a hexose and a aldose. (2) There can never be more than three enantiomers for a molecule. (3) All common disaccharides have beta-one-four linkages. Which statements are true?
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QUESTION 1 1.1 Draw a schematic diagram of the components of the electron transport chain, depicting the enzymes and components of the chain. The site of inhibition of well known inhibitors should also be indicated 1.2 Draw a diagram of the antioxidant metabolism involved in reactive oxygen species (superoxide, hydroxyl free radicals and hydrogen peroxide) with the electron transport chain as the origin.
QUESTION 2 2.1 Draw a metabolic chart indicating the carbohydrate transporters involved in intestinal transport and distribution of glucose, ga/actose and fructose. 2.2. Draw a metabolic chart depicting the reactions of phase 1 of the glycolysis pathway, including metabolite names, enzyme names and cofactors. Chemical structures are not a requirement in this answer 2.3.raw a diagram of the reactions of mitochondria/ 8-oxidation of hexanoic acid (CH3-(CH2)4-COOH). Include activation and mitochondria/ transportation and the structures of the intermediates
QUESTION 4 True or False: If you could label electrons and follow them to the very end of glucose catabolism, you would ultimately find them in O2. True False
QUESTION 74 What is the function of the portal system of the body? It returns tissue fluid to the the bloodstream It takes blood from the lungs to the left atrium, the only time oxygenated blood is in a vein. It carries T-cells from the thymus to the liver. It carries blood from the organs of digestion to the liver to collect the raw nutrients

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