Solution of the Schrödinger wave equation for the hydrogen atom results in a set of functions (orbitals) that describe the behavior of the electron. Each function is characterized by 3 quantum numbers: n, 1, and m,. Erwin Schrödinger If the value of n = 4 The quantum number I can have values from to The total number of orbitals possible at the n = 4 energy level is If the value ofl = 2 The quantum number m, can have values from to The total number of orbitals possible at the 1= 2 sublevel is

Solution of the Schrödinger wave equation for the hydrogen atom results in a set of functions (orbitals) that describe the behavior of the electron. Each function is characterized by 3 quantum numbers: n, 1, and m,. Erwin Schrödinger If the value of n = 4 The quantum number I can have values from to The total number of orbitals possible at the n = 4 energy level is If the value ofl = 2 The quantum number m, can have values from to The total number of orbitals possible at the 1= 2 sublevel is

Physical Chemistry

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781133958437

Author:Ball, David W. (david Warren), BAER, Tomas

Publisher:Ball, David W. (david Warren), BAER, Tomas

Chapter10: Introduction To Quantum Mechanics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 10.77E: Consider a one-dimensional particle-in-a-box and a three-dimensional particle-in-a-box that have the...

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The energies of macroscopic objects, as well as those of microscopic objects, are quantized, but the effects of the quantization are not seen because the difference in energy between adjacent states is so small. Apply Bohr’s quantization of angular momentum to the revolution of Earth (mass6.01024kg) , which moves with a speed of 3.0104ms1 in a circular orbit (radius1.51011m) about the sun. The sun can be treated as fixed. Calculate the value of the quantum number n for the present state of the Earthsun system. What would be the effect of an increase in n by 1?
Based on the trend shown in Figure 11.5, draw the probability distribution of a harmonic oscillator wavefunction that has a very high value of n. Explain how this is consistent with the correspondence principle.
Consider a one-dimensional particle-in-a-box and a three-dimensional particle-in-a-box that have the same dimensions. a What is the ratio of the energies of a particle having the lowest possible quantum numbers in both boxes? b Does this ratio stay the same if the quantum numbers are not the lowest possible values?
What experimental evidence supports the quantum theory of light? Explain the wave-particle duality of all matter .. For what size particles must one consider both the wave and the particle properties?
In 1885, Johann Balmer, a mathematician, derived the following relation for the wavelength of lines in the visible spectrum of hydrogen =364.5 n2( n2 4) where in nanometers and n is an integer that can be 3, 4, 5, . . . Show that this relation follows from the Bohr equation and the equation using the Rydberg constant. Note that in the Balmer series, the electron is returning to the n=2 level.
What type of relationship (direct or inverse) e xists between wavelength, frequency, and photon energy? What does a photon energy unit of a joule equal?
The wave function of an electron in the lowest (that is, ground) state of the hydrogen atom is (r)=( 1 a 0 3 )1/2exp(r a 0 )ao=0.5291010m (a) What is the probability of finding the electron inside a sphere of volume 1.0pm2 , centered at the nucleus (1pm=1012m) ? (b) What is the probability of finding the electron in a volume of 1.0pm2 at a distance of 52.9 pm from the nucleus, in a fixed but arbitrary direction? (c) What is the probability of finding the electron in a spherical shell of 1.0 pm in thickness, at a distance of 52.9 pm from the nucleus?
Using Table 5.2, write down the mathematical expression for the 2px wave function for an electronically excited H atom. Estimate the probability of finding the 2px electron if you look in a cubical box of volume of 0.8(pm)3 centered at a distance of 0.5001010m in the =/2 , =0 direction. Does this probability change as you change ? At what angles is the probability of finding the electron smallest and at what angles is the probability the largest? (Note that =2 is the same location as =0 , so don’t double count.)
How is the Bohr theory of the hydrogen atom inconsistent with the uncertainty principle? In fact, it was this inconsistency, along with the theorys limited application to non-hydrogen-like systems, that limited Bohrs theory.
The energy needed to ionize an atom of element X when it is in its most stable state is 500kJmol1 . However, if an atom of X is in its lowest excited state, only 120kJmol1 is needed to ionize it. What is the wavelength of the radiation emitted when an atom of X undergoes a transition from the lowest excited state to the ground state?
The helium ion He+ is a one-electron system whose wave functions and energy levels are obtained from those for H by changing the atomic number to Z=2 . Calculate the average distance of the electron from the nucleus in the 2s orbital and in the 2p orbital. Compare your results with those in Problem 11 and explain the difference.
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