State some of the features that cross the cell membrane and make "porin proteins" specific.

Q: Sketch a B cell antigen receptor. Label the V and C regions of the light and heavy chains. Label the…

A: Immunoglobulin molecules are the globular proteins that are synthesized by the plasma cells located…

Q: What are adhesins and what are they typicallycomposed of?

A: The essential step in infection or bacterial pathogenesis is adherence that is required to colonize…

Q: List the five classes of antibody and discuss their diagnostic significance

A: The antibody is otherwise known as an immunoglobulin (Ig). It is a protein of Y shape specifically…

Q: Explain the term antibodies?

A: Lymphocytes are white blood cells that the body's immune system helps fight infections. There are…

Q: Explain the difference between affinity and avidity. For which immunoglobulin class might avidity be…

A: Affinity: The interaction that occurs between specific antibody with its corresponding antigen. The…

Q: Describe effector functions of antibodies.

A: The antibody is known to be the protein substance synthesized by the body’s immune system. It…

Q: What is the function of the variable regions in an antibody molecule?

A: The immune system of the body protects the individual from the attack of external pathogens. The…

Q: explain the mechanisms of immunoglobulin proteins.

A: Immunoglobulin is a type of antibody. Representing approximately 75% of serum antibodies in humans,…

Q: Name two elements of the cytoskeleton that are involved in lymphocyte diapedesis, and indicate the…

A: Diapedesis: The movement of leukocytes out of the circulatory system and towards the site of tissue…

Q: Apart from iron, which other cation has a clinically significant binding with transferrin?

A: A positively charged ion is called the cation. While the negatively charged are termed as the…

Q: Why antibodies raised against a native protein sometimes fails to bind to the corresponding…

A: Introduction: Proteins are the most plentiful natural molecule of the living system. They happen in…

Q: Describe the structure and basic functions of the five major typesof immunoglobulins.

A: Immunoglobulins or antibodies are the molecules that function in the defense system of the body.…

Q: What is the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) or human leukocyte antigens (HLA)?

A: Immunity is a state of resistance of an organism to invading biotic or abiotic pathogens and their…

Q: What kind(s) of intermolecular interactions could be involved in the binding between an antibody and…

A: Intermolecular Interactions These are the interaction between 2 different molecules.  They may be -…

Q: Illustrate with diagrams and briefly explain the proteolysis of an immunoglobulin with (i) papain,…

A: The glycoprotein molecules produced by plasma cells or white blood cells are known as the…

Q: if a patient has anti- C, anti-Leb, anti-K and anti-Jka. what phenotyp of red blood cells should be…

A: Phenotype of an RBC is determined by the antigen present on their surface .

Q: Briefly describe the structure of an antibody and relate this structure with its functions

A: Antibodies are the antigen-binding glycoproteins that are synthesized exclusively by B- cells and in…

Q: Where does the antigen binding region of a BCR and an antibody molecule occur?

A: The B cell receptor (BCR) is a protein on the surface of the B cell composed of membrane bound…

Q: Describe the structural and functional differencesamong the five major classes of antibodies.…

A: Antibodies: Antibodies are a type of globular proteins that belongs to family immunoglobulin (Ig)…

Q: Match general features of each blood groups in column A with the blood types in column B. |contains…

A: The classification of blood into A, B, AB and O groups. Depending on the pigeons and absence of A…

Q: What is plasminogen activator?

A: The process of clotting blood in the body is a very complex process involving a multitude of…

Q: How to the levels of CstF in B lymphocytes determine whether antibodies will be membrane- bound or…

A: Antibodies are produced by this type of white blood cell. B lymphocytes are immune cells that…

Q: Diagram and describe 5 outcomes of antibody binding

A: An antibody also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig) is a large, Y shaped protein used by the immune…

Q: Illustrate the structure of Immunoglobulins ?

A: The immune system of the body is involved in protecting the body against various pathogens. White…

Q: Describe the basic structure of class I and class IImajor histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins.…

A: Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a cluster of genes which is tightly linked and is found in…

Q: Explain how Hypermutation  contributes to antibody diversity.

A: The immune system provides defense against invading pathogens. It is a complex network of cells,…

Q: Why are MHC proteins so highly variable?

A: Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are a group of genes that code for proteins found on the…

Q: What two standard amino acids are present in Collagen? Where are the carbohydrate units located in…

A: As there are multiple parts given in one question, the solution to the first three question parts is…

Q: What types of cells display MHC class I and class IIantigen complexes, and what happens as a result?

A: MHC or Major Histocompatibility complex is a locus present in the DNA of vertebrates. This locus has…

Q: Explain Using antibodies to monitor protein localization.

A: Proteins are the building blocks of the cell. Studying the protein location helps in determining the…

Q: Why is that antigen-antibody complexes are visible in aggregated clumps, and yet red blood cells are…

A: Agglutination is characterized as the development of clumps of cells or inactive particles by…

Q: Which control antibody can differentiate between plasma membrane and mitochondrial membrane?

A: Antibody or the immunoglobin are the proteins secreted by plasms cells of the immune system. It is…

Q: A virus has been identified that encodes a protein which inhibits the transporter-associated with…

A: Transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)

Q: Describe the structural components of an antibody and compare the features of the five…

A: Ans: Antibody: The Y shaped protein molecule also referred to as immunoglobulin (Ig), which…

Q: Name two ways in which the presence of antibodies enhances phagocytosis.

A: Antibodies are immune proteins that circulate in the bloodstream and identify and kill foreign…

Q: Describe five important differences between class I and class II MHC proteins

A:

Q: Explain the structure of an immunoglobulin.

A: An antibody is a protein molecule generated in theiving body by plasma membrane. It specifically…

Q: hat Is Affinity Of An Antibody?

A: Antibodies are immune system proteins that circulate in the bloodstream and identify and kill…

Q: Define the term immunoglobulins  ?

A: Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, are glycoprotein molecules produces by plasma cells. They…

Q: Describe the  structural features of a typical immune-globulin molecule.

A: Introduction: An antibody is a type of immunoglobulin which is produced by the immune system of the…

Q: What are immunoglobulins?

A: The immune system is a complex network of tissues, cells, and organs. They together assist the body…

Q: Which mechanisms theoretically prevent B and T lymphocyte auto-reactivity? Which tissues and cells…

A: B and T lymohocytes cells are  typesbof cells produces antibodiea to fight infectious organisms.…

Q: what are the five classes of immunoglobulins?

A: Plasma cells produced glycoprotein called immunoglobins it is also called antibodies. It helps to…

Q: What is the function of carbohydrate groups present in collagen? Where are the carbohydrate units…

A: Since we only answer up to 3 sub-parts, we’ll answer the first 3. Please resubmit the question and…

Q: Distinguish between class I and class II MHC proteins.

A: MHC stands for Major Histocompatibility Complex. MHC proteins are a group of surface genes which are…

Q: Describe the structure of immunoglobulin and the functions of the Fab and Fc portions.

A: The ability of multicellular creatures to withstand dangerous microbes is known as immunity.…

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.