Q: Discuss the most common immunological mechanismsresponsible for allergies and how these may be…
A: The immune system is responsible for the establishment of an appropriate immune response to…
Q: Define monoclonal antibodies and list some specificapplications of this technology.
A: The glycoproteins which are synthesized by the B cells differing in their amino acid sequence and…
Q: What is immunoassay? Differentiate direct and indirect immunoasay tests.
A: In immunology, antigen (Ag) refers to any particle or object that is capable of elucidating immune…
Q: Describe the three different tests that fall in the direct identification category.
A: Microbes are generally termed to state that they are living things that cannot be seen with the…
Q: Describe the applications of BCG vaccine.
A: A vaccine is synthesized from a weakened or killed form of a microbe, microbe’s toxins, or surface…
Q: Describe the procedures for an ELISA test for the HIV antibodies in patients
A: HIV an influenza virus enters the cell by using endocytosis procedure. HIV is called as human…
Q: Identify the advantages of alternative immunization strategies as compared to traditional…
A: Immunization is the action where a person's immune system is protected from an external agent called…
Q: Enumerate, describe the principles and clinically significant results of other serologic tests for…
A: Serological test include detection of antibodies and antigen in the blood or serum. Antibodies that…
Q: Define specificity and sensitivity as these terms relate to immunological testing.
A: Immunological tests employ an artificial antigen or antibody to detect the presence of an antibody…
Q: Describe how testing for HIV infection is accomplished.
A: Generally, the testing for HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is done in 2 steps that involves…
Q: Name any two diagnostic kits based upon antigen.
A: For immunology, an antigen is a chemical or chemical structure that can be connected to by an…
Q: Immunohistochemistry is routinely used to determine specificity and identification of disease.…
A: Immunohistochemistry is a immunostaining process in which antigens in the cells are identified by…
Q: Differentiate the following secondary antibodies: (a) Mice anti-human, (b) Donkey anti-human, (c)…
A: Introduction Antibodies are the proteins or immunoglobulins produced by B cell agianst a particular…
Q: What's Procedure of Lateral Flow Assay or Immunochromatography or Rapid Test?
A: Lateral flow assay or Immunochromatography or Rapid test is a a simple device used to measure to…
Q: When a patient goes from testing negative for a specific antibody to testing positive a month later…
A: An antibody or serology test is a blood test that looks for signs of a previous infection. It…
Q: Explain how it is possible for people to give a false-positive reactionin blood tests for syphilis,…
A: Syphilis is caused by bacterium Treponema pallidum. And it can be detected with blood test called…
Q: a. Seropositivity means having a blood serum that tests positive. Explain why it may or may not…
A: Infectious or non-infectious diseases could affect the body’s functioning. When blood serum is…
Q: Differentiate the screening and confirmatory test for HIV.
A: HIV:- Human Immunodeficiency virus causes AIDS i.e. acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in human. In…
Q: A positive ELISA result with a negative control is called a: A.false positive B. false negative
A: A negative control is a control group in an experiment that uses a treatment that isn't expected to…
Q: Describe the method, time frame, and rationale for the tuberculinskin test. What component of the…
A: The tuberculin skin test is also known as Mendel–Mantoux test or Mantoux test. It is a tool used for…
Q: Why monoclonal antibodies method is better than Polyclonal Antibodies method in detecting specific…
A: Y-shaped immunoglobulins are called antibodies which are produced by B cells. When a foreign antigen…
Q: Identify about the Qualities of an effective vaccine.
A: The immune system protects our body from infections.
Q: 1. What causes antigen-antibody precipitation and agglutination
A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…
Q: Explain the contribution of antigenic determinant is false negative and false positive tes
A: Antigenic determinants are the component of an antigen present on the surface that gets attached to…
Q: hortly discuss the different immunodeficiency and immunoproliferative disorders and include the…
A: Immunodeficiency diseases: Immunodeficiency diseases elicit the immune system to fail, resulting in…
Q: Explain why two separate tests are generally used to diagnose HIVinfection.
A: HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. It is a positive strand enveloped RNA virus, belongs to…
Q: Describe an ELISA test to detect the presence of HIV antibodies in a patient.
A: HIV is a virus than can cause AIDS if not treated .ELISA is the one of the test to screen HIV .…
Q: Define the term serology, and explain the immunologic principle behind serological tests.
A: An antigen is a substance or a molecule that the body recognizes as a foreign particle. That means…
Q: Explain the three phases of deglutination
A: Deglutition is the process in human or animal body that allows a substance to pass from the mouth to…
Q: Identify the major categories of vaccine antigens, citingexamples.
A: Antigens are the protein molecules capable of inducing an immune response. Antibodies…
Q: Give examples of several tests that employ agglutination and precipitationreactions.
A: When antibodies are mixed with their corresponding antigens on the surface of large, easily…
Q: Discuss how superantigens are different from other antigens andhow they contribute to pathology.
A: Superantigens (SAgs) are a class of antigens that result in excessive activation of the immune…
Q: n immunoassay what is a secondary antibody? Antibodies used to recognize antigens. They confer…
A: .Antibodies are specific to the antigen. in an immunoassay specific antibodies are created which…
Q: Why monoclonal antibodies method is better than polyclonal antibodies method in detecting specific…
A: Answer: Introduction: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are formed by presenting an antigen to a mouse…
Q: Precipitation b) Agglutination c) Neutralizing d) Complement fixation
A: Antigen-antibody reactions are specific chemical interactions between antibodies produced by B cells…
Q: Describe 2 methods of immunotherapy currently in use, and the clinical results of one of these (ie,…
A: Immunotherapy is a theraputic approach by which we makecan use of the concepts of immunology to…
Q: Determine the cell of the immune system responsible for processing antigen presented in a patch…
A: ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELL: A heterogeneous collection of immune cells called antigen presenting cells…
Q: Interpret the outcome of direct and indirect immunofluorescentantibody testing.
A: Fluorescent Antibody techniques are utilized for the rapid visualization of bacteria that involves…
state the significance of nontreponemal antiliid (reagin) antibodies in serological testing.
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- Name any two diagnostic kits based upon antigen.Explain how labeled antibodies are used in direct and indirect tests.If detected in antibody screen testing, which of the following antibodies is NOT considered clinically significant in prenatal patients? Please select the single best answer Anti-M Anti-N Anti-Leb Anti-Fya