Step 1: Short-Run Equilibrium The following graph shows an aggregate demand (AD) curve and a short-run aggregate supply (SRAS) curve for an economy. Suppose that the economy is initially in a short-run equilibrium: at PE, and Real GDP is 10 trillion. Suppose that at some point, the price increases to p*. (?)
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- The following graph shows the short-run aggregate supply curve (ASAS), the aggregate demand curve (ADAD), and the long-run aggregate supply curve (LRASLRAS) for a hypothetical economy. Initially, the expected price level is equal to the actual price level, and the economy is in long-run equilibrium at its natural level of output, $100 billion. Suppose a bout of severe weather drives up agricultural costs, increases the costs of transporting goods and services, and increases the costs of producing goods and services in this economy. Use the graph to help you answer the questions about the short-run and long-run effects of the increase in production costs that follow. (Note: You will not be graded on any adjustments made to the graph.) Hint: For simplicity, ignore any possible impact of the severe weather on the natural level of outputThe following graph shows the economy in long-run equilibrium at the expected price level of 5 and potential output of $5 trillion. Assume a boom increases household wealth and causes consumers to spend more. Using the following exhibit, shift the short-run aggregate supply (SRAS) curve or the aggregate demand (AD) curve to show the short-run impact of the boom. In the short run, the increase in consumption spending associated with the expansion shifts the curve to the , causing the price level to the price level people expected and the quantity of output to potential output. The boom will cause the unemployment rate to the natural rate of unemployment in the short run. Again, the following graph shows the economy in long-run equilibrium at the expected price level of 5 and potential output of $5 trillion before the increase in consumption spending associated with the expansion. Now, on the following exhibit, show the long-run impact of the boom by shifting…The following graph shows the aggregate demand curve (ADAD), the short-run aggregate supply curve (ASAS), and the long-run aggregate supply curve (LRASLRAS) for a hypothetical economy. Initially, the expected price level equals the actual price level, and the economy experiences long-run equilibrium at a natural level of output of $120 billion. Suppose war in the world's main oil-producing region sharply reduces the world oil supply, causing oil prices to rise and increasing the costs of producing goods and services. Use the graph to help you answer the questions about the short-run and long-run effects of the increase in production costs that follow. (Note: You will not be graded on any adjustments made to the graph.) Hint: For simplicity, ignore any possible impact of the higher oil prices on the natural level of output. The short-run economic outcome resulting from the increase in production costs is known as (hyperinflation/stagflation/monetary neutrality/deflation) .…
- 18 - : If aggregate demand increases in an economy while aggregate demand is constant in the short run, which of the following statements is correct for the new equilibrium point?A) price decreases and national income increasesB) price rises national income risesC) price increases and national income does not changeD) price goes up and national income goes downE) price decreases and national income decreases.19 - : In which of the following expressions is the equation of change given correctly?A) MV=VK B) MT=PV C) MV=PT D) MP=VY E) MV=PConsider the economy described by the following equations: C = 1,600 + 0.9 (Y – T) I p = 800 G = 1,600 NX = 200 T = 1,600 Y* = 29,000 a. Complete the table shown below to find short-run equilibrium output. Consider possible values for short-run equilibrium output as they are given in the table below.Instructions: If you are entering any negative numbers be sure to include a negative sign (-) in front of those numbers. OutputY Planned aggregate expenditure (PAE) Y – PAE Y = PAE? 27,200 (Click to select) Yes No 27,400 (Click to select) No Yes 27,600 (Click to select) No Yes 27,800 (Click to select) No Yes 28,000 (Click to select) No Yes b. Short-run level of equilibrium output: c. What is the output gap for this economy? Instructions: If you are entering any negative numbers be sure to include a negative sign (-) in front of those numbers. The actual unemployment rate should…The United Kingdom’s economy is in short-run equilibrium with an output level at less than full employment. Using a correctly labeled aggregate demand and aggregate supply graph, show the following: Full employment output, labeled as Yf Equilibrium real output and price level, labeled as YE and PLE Assume that the UK government decreases domestic military expenditures. On the graph from question 1, show how the decreased military expenditures affect the following in the short run: Aggregate Demand Equilibrium real output and price level, labeled as Y2 and PL2. Is the UK government making a good decision in question 2? Why or why not? Explain using your good economic thinking skills!
- The U.S. economy is initially in short-run macro-equilibrium. Assume that China falls into a deep recession. As a result, we observe the following in our economy: Question 34 options: a) Both the price level and real GDP increase. b) The price level falls and real GDP increases c) Both the price level and real GDP decrease d) The price level increases and real GDP fallsSuppose the economy is self-regulating, the price level is 132, the quantity demanded of RealGDP is 4 trillion, the quantity supplied of Real GDP in the short run is 3.9 trillion, and thequantity supplied of Real GDP in the long run is 4.3 trillion. Is the economy in short-runequilibrium? Will the price level in long-run equilibrium be greater than, less than, or equal to132? Show the relevant graph and explain your answers.a. What are the short-run equilibrium real GDP and price level in 2019?b. What is the long-run equilibrium real GDP?c. Is the short-run macroeconomic equilibrium a full-employment equilibrium, belowfull-employment equilibrium, or above full-employment equilibrium?d. In transition to the long run, how would the wages in this economy change?e. Following from d, explain how would the short run supply curve move to its long runposition, as the changes in the nominal wages take effect.f. What will the long run price level be?
- Consider a closed economy, where wages are sticky in the short run. The consumption function isC = c0 + c1(Y − T ), where the marginal propensity to consume c1 is equal to 0.75. Initially the economy is in equilibrium at Y = Y* and P = P e, where P e is the price level that was expected when agents agreed their fixed nominal wage contracts. The short-run aggregate supply curve (SRAS) is horizontal. Suddenly the government increases government spending G by $500. 1. By how much will output Y change (compared to its initial level before the change in G) in the long run, after wage contracts are renegotiated? 2. By how much will consumption C change (compared to its initial level before the change in G) in the long run, after wage contracts are renegotiated? 3. By how much will investment I change (compared to its initial level before the change in G) in the long run, after wage contracts are renegotiated?onsider the economy described by the following equations: C = 1,600 + 0.9 (Y – T) I p = 800 G = 1,600 NX = 200 T = 1,600 Y* = 29,000 a. Complete the table shown below to find short-run equilibrium output. Consider possible values for short-run equilibrium output as they are given in the table below.Instructions: If you are entering any negative numbers be sure to include a negative sign (-) in front of those numbers. OutputY Planned aggregate expenditure (PAE) Y – PAE Y = PAE? 27,200 (Click to select) Yes No 27,400 (Click to select) No Yes 27,600 (Click to select) No Yes 27,800 (Click to select) No Yes 28,000 (Click to select) No Yes b. Short-run level of equilibrium output: c. What is the output gap for this economy? Instructions: If you are entering any negative numbers be sure to include a negative sign (-) in front of those numbers. The actual unemployment rate should…Refer to the following figure 1. For this economy, if the actual price level exceeds theexpected price level, how much output will the economyproduce in the short-run? A)$17 trillionB)$17.2 trillionC)$16.7 trillionD) Both A and C.2. Given the situation in part (a), this economy wouldexperience A) a recessionary gap of $0.3 trillionB) an expansionary gap of $0.2 trillionC) neither a recessionary gap nor an expansionary gap.D) an expansionary gap of $17.2 trillion. 3. Given the situation in part (a), in this economy (circlethe letter representing the right answer below)A) the actual rate of unemployment would be less than thenatural rate of unemployment.B) the actual rate of unemployment would be above the naturalrate of unemployment.C) the actual rate of unemployment would be equal to thenatural rate of unemployment.D)none of the above.4. In this economy, given the situation in part (a), in thelong-run (circle the letter representing the right answerbelow)A) the nominal wage…