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Stimulating proteins and Inhibitory proteins are encoded by ? Examples include
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- Second-messenger systems ultimately bring about the desired cell response by inducing a change in the shape and function of particular designated intracellular proteins. (True or false?)Identify molecule (1) in the pathway of hormonal regulation illustrated below: (A) ion channel (B) G protein-coupled receptor (C) tyrosine kinase receptor (D) cytoplasmic/nuclear receptor. Compare and contrast signalling through a ligand-gated ion channel and a G-protein coupled receptor, using specific examples.
- Compare and contrast signaling via G-protein coupled receptor, receptor tyrosine kinases, nuclear receptor. Please name at least one ligand/receptor for each pathway. Also describe the 'fast' and 'slow' responses mediated by ligand bindingDescribe intracellular receptors, using estrogen receptors as anexampleBriefly describe the effects of positive and negative feedback loops on signalling pathway responses. How do the two loops functionally differ when pathway input stimulus shifts from present to absent? Please keep brief - 4 sentences/dot points max.
- List examples of paracrine chemical messengers that playa role in modulating pain or are peptide growth factors.Describe three different responses of a cell-surfacereceptor on binding a signaling molecule and undergoing aconformational change.Briefly describe the series of events that takesplace when cAMP acts as a second messenger.