Suppose a perfectly competitive market for hotdog stands in New York City becomes monopolistically competitive when gourmet, discount, andethnic hot-dog retailers show up, making eachcart slightly different. If hot dogs from differentstands are now imperfect substitutes and there arenumerous carts in the city, compare the producerand consumer surplus and total social welfarebefore and after the change
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Suppose a
ethnic hot-dog retailers show up, making each
cart slightly different. If hot dogs from different
stands are now imperfect substitutes and there are
numerous carts in the city, compare the producer
and
before and after the change
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- Larry, Curly, and Moe run the only saloon in town.Larry wants to sell as many drinks as possiblewithout losing money. Curly wants the saloon tobring in as much revenue as possible. Moe wantsto make the largest possible profits. Using a singlediagram of the saloon’s demand curve and its costcurves, show the price and quantity combinationsfavored by each of the three partners. Explain. (Hint:Only one of these partners will want to set marginalrevenue equal to marginal cost.)You are the manager of a monopolistically competitive firm. The demand curve of the firm is linear, and the marginal cost is a fixed constant. a. Graphically illustrate the profit-maximizing output and price set by the monopolistic firm. b. If the government set a tax of $t per unit sold, graphically illustrate how the output and price of the monopolist’s profit maximization will change? *Please show all work*Bonus: A monopolist sells output at zero cost to two types of consumers, H and L, whoseinverse demand curves are given by Ph=45-5q and pl=30-5q. Derive and discuss the optimalsecond-degree price discriminating equilibrium. And calculate the consumer surplus for high demanded package only! Note that the monopolist cannot identify individual types, but he knows that there are two types exist.
- Suppose the following data represent the market demand for catfish: Price (per unit) $20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11Quantity demanded (units per day) 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21Total revenue — — — — — — — — — —Marginal revenue — — — — — — — — — —Compute total and marginal revenue to complete the table above. At what rate of output is total revenue maximized? At what rate of output is MR less than price? At what rate of output does MR first become negative? Graph the demand and MR curves.You make delicious cupcakes that you mail to customers across the country. Your cupcakes are so unique and special that you have a great deal of pricing power. Your customers have identical demand curves for your cupcakes, and a representative customer’s demand curve is shown below. (It’s not needed, but the demand curve equation is P=5-0.2Q or Q=25-5P.) Suppose your MC=$1/cupcake, whether you produce lots or just a few cupcakes. To keep things simple, suppose there are no fixed costs, so FC=0. a) Acting as a monopolist, show the standard pricing analysis on the graph below that identifies your profit-mamximing price and quantity for your representative customer. Shade areas representing your profit and CS. (PS and profit are the same here since FC=0). b) Suppose you offer a quantity discount: first 10 cupcakes at $3 each and any cupcakes over 10 are offered at a discounted price. What discount price will maximize your profit? Show this quantity discount arrangement on your graph…Suppose an airline sells air tickets to two types of customer – business travelersand vacation travelers. Their estimated demand elasticities are -2.5 and -4.0respectively.Suppose the marginal cost is constant at $240, and the services provided to thetwo types of customer are similar.a. Based on the given information, explain with TWO practical reasons whether theairline should charge a higher price on business travelers or vocational travelers.Explain without calculation.
- An economist was trying to understand the relation between price, Marginal Revenueand Marginal cost in Monopoly and Perfect Competition. Determine equilibrium priceand output in the long run under Monopoly and Perfect Competition if the marketdemand curve is given as QD=500-2P and Marginal cost is Rs 50. Also comment onthe values obtained in the case of Monopoly and Perfect CompetitionConsider any market that has a demand curve given by: Qd = 240 - 2P. Where Qd is the total quantity demanded in the market, given in millions of units and P is the market price, calculated in monetary units. Imagine that there are 2 Cournot oligopolists operating in this market with Cmg = CVme = 15 and fixed monthly costs equal to 1,400. About this market, ask yourself: a) What is the profit of each of the oligopolists? b) Imagine that one of the companies managed to implement a process innovation capable of halving its Cmg and CVme, so that they would go from 15 to 7.5. This investment implies an additional monthly expense of $1,800. Discuss the statement: "If this situation occurs, the innovative company will not implement variable cost reduction, as the quantity supplied in the market will increase very little; prices will remain very close to what they are today and its profits will not increase"Suppose that Volkswagen hires a popular singer to adver-tise its compact automobiles. The campaign is very success-ful, and the company increases its share of the compact-car market substantially. What is Ford likely to do?
- Suppose a manufacturer of exercise equipmentsets a suggested price to the consumer of $395 fora particular piece of equipment to be competitivewith similar equipment. The manufacturer sells itsequipment to a sporting goods wholesaler who receives 25 percent of the selling price and a retailerwho receives 50 percent of the selling price. Whatdemand-oriented pricing approach is being used,and at what price will the manufacturer sell theequipment to the wholesaler?There is a firm who is monopolist. Suppose that there are 20,000 potential customers with valuations uniformly distributed between £0 and £1000. A customer will purchase the products if her valuation is more than the firm's price. a) How many quantity will the firm sell if it sets a single price of £550? b) Write an equation for the firm's demand curve. c) If marginal cost is £100, what is the profit-maximizing price and quantity? What is consumer surplus and total welfare? Suppose that the firm can perfectly price discriminate. a) What is the profit-maximizing quantity now? b) What is consumer surplus and total welfareAssume that there are two consumer of a good X. Mr. A has a utility function u (x)10xx2,whileMrs.Bhasautilityfunction u (x)10x2x2 . AB Farmer F, the monopoly producer of good X, cannot distinguish between Mr. A and Mrs. B. However, he can sell different sized bundles, and charge different prices for them. a. What are the utility-maximizing levels of good X consumption xA and xB for Mr. A and Mrs. B, respectively? b. Suppose that Farmer F offers the bundles of size xA and xB . What are the prices ( pA , pB ) that he should charge so that Mr. A consumes the xA -sized bundle at price pA and Mrs. B consumes the xB -sized bundle at price pB ?