Suppose that hypothetical nation Insurancia passes an insurance mandate. This mandate requires everyone in the nation to purchase health insurance. A mandate such as this may O not impact adverse selection or moral hazard O help alleviate (or eliminate) adverse selection, but may worsen adverse selection. O help alleviate (or eliminate) adverse selection, but may worsen moral hazard.
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- Do you think Canada's universal health care program can alleviate problems caused by moral hazard and adverse selection in the private insurance markets? Why or why not? John's utility curve over total wealth is given by U(W) =VW (i.e. square root of W). Suppose that he has a 50% chance of being healthy. If he is healthy, he gets all his wealth-$10,000. If he becomes sick, he only has $3,600 remaining after medical expenditures. Calculate John's wealth and utility when he does and does not get sick, his expected utility, expected wealth, and his expected loss. Now he has the option of buying health insurance Calculate the maximum amount John would be willing to pay to fully insure against the cost of the sickness. How much is the actuarially fair and risk premium? Suppose that society consists of large, equal numbers of identical male and identical female consumers. Male consumers are similar to John; female consumers differ only in that they face a 25% probability of being sick, but…Preventive care is not always cost-effective. Suppose that it costs $100 per person to administer a screening exam for a particular disease. Also suppose that if the screening exam finds the disease, the early detection given by the exam will avert $1,000 of costly future treatment. a. Imagine giving the screening test to 100 people. How much will it cost to give those 100 tests? Imagine a case in which 15 percent of those receiving the screening exam test positive. How much in future costly treatments will be averted? How much is saved by setting up a screening system? b. Imagine that everything is the same as in part a except that now only 5 percent of those receiving the screening exam test positive. In this case, how much in future costly treatments will be averted? How much is lost by setting up a screening system?If a doctor knows that an insurance company will pay for most of a patient's bill, the doctor has more of an incentive to require additional medical procedures and tests, even if the patient may not require them. This is an example of O A. adverse selection. O B. the principal-agent problem. O C. asymmetric information. O D. moral hazard.
- Suppose that the buyers do not know the quality of any particular bicycle for sale, but the sellers do knowthe quality of the bike they sell. The price at which a bike is traded is determined by demand and supply.Each buyer wants at most one bicycle.(ii) Assuming that each buyer purchases a bike only if its expected quality is higher than the price,and each seller is willing to sell their bike only if the price exceeds their valuation, what is theequilibrium outcome in this market?5 Suppose that a person’s demand curve for physician office visits is P = 200 – 20Q, where P is the price of an office visit, and Q is the number of physician visits per year. Also, suppose that the marginal cost of an office visit is always $60. c. Suppose this person obtains health insurance. The policy has no deductible, but has a coinsurance rate of 50 percent. How many visits will occur now? d. Suppose that the policy has no deductible but has a $20 co-payment. How many visits will occur now? e. Suppose the policy has a $20 co-payment and a $500 deductible. How many visits will occur now? f. Calculate the deadweight losses in the policies described in parts c, d, and e.Suppose a particular population has two kinds of health risks, high and low. Let the expected annual health care costs for the high risk be $10,000, and for the low risk, half that. If there are twice as many low risk as high risk individuals, and if the one insurer’s administrative load is 20%, what would the community rated premium be if everyone is compelled to and able to buy health insurance? Note: administrative load can be construed as the amount that the insurer has in costs to run the plans above and beyond the "health care costs."
- Atl Econ J (2013) 41:8991DOI 10.1007/s11293-012-9342-2ANTHOLOGYSocial Capital and Income Inequality in the UnitedStatesRati RamPublished online: 17 October 2012# International Atlantic Economic Society 2012Many scholars have explored in recent years various correlates and consequences ofsocial capital along with discussions of the concept. For example, relationship ofsocial capital with population happiness, health, income, economic growth, andhuman development has been researched by several scholars. However, very fewstudies have considered the relationship between social capital and income inequality.One exception to that is the recent work by Robison et al. (Journal of SocioEconomics, 2011) which proposed a theoretical link between social capital andincome distribution and conducted an empirical exploration for the U.S. states forthe census years 1980, 1990, and 2000. Their key measure of social capital wassomewhat narrowly focused on percent of households headed by a single female…Dr. Wexler displays her medical degree in her officewaiting room, hoping patients will be impressed thatshe attended a prestigious medical school. This isan example ofa. moral hazard.b. adverse selection.c. signaling.d. screening.Say there are two individuals; Hala and Anna who are deciding on either to buy health insurance on a pooling arrangement basis or otherwise. Both face a 30% probability of losing RM40 on medical services and 70% of losing nothing. With these information discuss whether Hala and Anna should join this arrangement or pay the medical services costs out of their own pocket money.
- /Suppose that an individual's demand curve for doc-tor visits per year is given by the equation P = 100- 25Q, where Q is the number of doctor visits peryear and P is the price per visit. Suppose also thatthe marginal cost of each doctor visit is $50.a. How many visits per year would be efficient?What is the total cost of the efficient numberof visits?b. Suppose that the individual obtains insur-ance. There is no deductible, and the coin-surance rate is 50 percent. How many visitsto the doctor will occur now? What are theindividual's out-of-pocket costs? How muchdoes the insurance company pay for this individual's doctors' visits?c. What is the deadweight loss (if any) causedby this insurance policy?Why is there asymmetric information in the labor market? What signals can an employer look for that might indicate file traits they are seeking in a new employee?What is the problem of moral hazard?