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- Which monetary policy tool can the Federal Reserve use to conduct an expansionary monetarypolicy (please state at least one instrument)? Which monetary policy instrument can the Fed useto conduct a restrictive monetary policy? Assume the country is experiencing highunemployment and a recession, such as during 2001, 2008-2009, and 2020. What is the Fedlikely to do in this scenario? Discuss the effects of such policy on the economy. Can you givea specific example to what the Fed did during any of those recessions? This is not a writing, it is economic.It is sometimes suggested that the Fed should try toachieve zero inflation. If we assume that velocity isconstant, does this zero-inflation goal require that therate of money growth equal zero? If yes, explain why.If no, explain what the rate of money growth shouldequalSuppose that an economy has a constant nominal money supply, a constant level of real output Y = 1500, and a constant real interest rate r = 0.05, and it’s expected rate of inflation is 2%, i.e, πe = .02. Suppose that the income elasticity of money demand is ηY = 0.5 and the interest elasticity of demand ηi = –0.2. (a) Suppose that Y decreases to 1425, r remains constant at 0.05 and there is no change in the expected rate of inflation. What is the percentage change in the equilibrium price level? (b) Suppose that r increases to 0.06 and Y remains at 1500. Assuming that expected inflation remains at πe = .02, what is the percentage change in the equilibrium price level? (c) Suppose that r increases to 0.06. Assuming that πe = .02, what would real output have to be for the equilibrium price level to remain at its initial value?
- Suppose that this year’s money supply is $500 billion,nominal GDP is $10 trillion, and real GDP is $5 trillion.a. What is the price level? What is the velocity ofmoney?b. Suppose that velocity is constant and theeconomy’s output of goods and services rises by5 percent each year. What will happen to nominalGDP and the price level next year if the Fed keepsthe money supply constant?c. What money supply should the Fed set next yearif it wants to keep the price level stable?d. What money supply should the Fed set next yearif it wants inflation of 10 percent?Suppose the money demand function is = 1000 + 0.2Y - 1000 (r + πe). Required (a.) Calculate velocity if Y = 2000, r = 0.06, and πe = 0.04. (b.) If the money supply (Ms) is 2600, what is the price level? (c.) Now suppose the real interest rate rises to 0.11, but Y and Ms are unchanged. What happens to velocity and the price level? (d.) For part (c.), if the nominal interest rate were to rise from 0.10 to 0.15 over the course of a year, with Y remaining at 2000, what would the inflation rate be?As a manager of a firm, you are concerned about the rise of inflation rate from 3 to 5 percent(annualized) over the last four months despite the growth of the economy.a. Given the above situation should BNM adjust the monetary policy? Is so, explain theappropriate monetary policy BNM would use. Be sure to discuss how the monetarypolicy would be able to manage inflation while managing economic growth.
- D) what kind of monetary policy might be helpful to stabilize the economy ( expansionary or contractionary)? E) what specific monetary policy tools does the federal reserve have available to use in this scenario? F) explain in detal, how should the federal reserve use each ofthese tools to maximize their effect in stabilizing the economy, what will be the likely effect of each monetary tool's use on the money supply , and the resulting impact on the economyConsider an economy in which the demand for money is of the formMt =(1/v) PtYfor t = 0, 1, 2, · · · , where output is 150, the money velocity is 1.5. The money supplyis 100 for t = 0, 1. In period 2, the central bank surprises people and announcethat money supply will grow at 2 percent forever, that is, M0 = 100, M1 = 100,M2 = (1.02)M1, M3 = (1.02)M2, and so on a. What is the inflation rate in period 1, π1? What is real money balance in period 1, M1 / P1? What is the expected inflation in period 2, given the informationavailable in period 1, E1π2? b. What is the inflation rate in period 2, π2? What is real money balance inperiod 2, M2/P2? What is expected inflation in period 3, given the informationavailable in period 2, E2π3? c. 4. Compare E1π2 and π2.Suppose the economywide demand for money is given by: M = P(0.2Y – 25,000i). The price level Pequals 3, and real output Y equals 8,000. At what value should the Fed set the nominal money supply if it wants to set the nominal interestrate at 2 percent?
- Suppose that this year’s money supply is $500 billion, nominal GDP is $10 trillion, and real GDP is $5 trillion.a. What is the price level? What is the velocity of money?b. Suppose that velocity is constant and the economy’s output of goods and services rises by 5 percent each year. What will happen to nominal GDP and the price level next year if the Fed keeps the money supply constant.c. What money supply should the Fed set next year if it wants to keep the price level stable?d. What moneSuppose this year’s money supply is €100 billion, nominal GDP is €2 trillion and real GDP is €1 trillion.a. What is the price level? What is the velocity of money?b. Suppose velocity is constant and the economy’s output of goods and services rises by 5% each year. What will happen to nominal GDP and the price level next year if the Central Bank keeps the money supply constant.c. What money supply should the central bank set next year if it wants to keep the price level stable?d. What money supply should the Central Bank set next year if it wants inflation of 10%?2.1 Money demand in an economy in which no interest is paid on money is Md/P =1000 + 0.4Y- 100i (a) Given that P = 100, Y = 1000, and i = 0.10. Find real money demand, nominal money demand, and velocity.(6)(b)The price level doubles from P =100 to P = 200. Find real money demand, nominal money demand, and velocity.( c) Starting from the variables given in part (a) and assuming that the money demand function as written holds, determine how velocity is affected by an increase in real income, (ii) an increase in the nominal interest rate, (iii) an increase in the price level.