The 2-propenyl cation appears to be a primary carbocation, and yet it is considerably more stable than a 1° carbocation such as the 1-propyl cation. CH,=CH-CH, CH, CH, CH," 2-Propenyl cation 1-Propyl cation How would you account for the differences in the stability of the two carbocations?
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- Are phenyl carbocations more stable than tertiary carbocations? Is there a carbocation that is more stable than a tertiary carbocation? If yes, what is the reason why it is more stable(1) Predict the outcome of the addition of HBr to (a) trans-2-pentene, (b) 2-methyl-2-butene, and (c) 4-methylcyclohexene. How many isomers can be formed in each case? (2) Addition of HBr to 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene gives a mixture of two isomeric alkyl bromide products. Draw structures for the two products, and give a mechanistic explanation for their formation.Rearrangements can occur during the dehydration of 1° alcohols even though no 1° carbocation is formed—that is, a 1,2-shift occurs as the C— OH2+ bond is broken, forming a more stable 2° or 3° carbocation, as shown in Equation [1]. Using this information, draw a stepwise mechanism for the reaction shown in Equation [2]. We will see another example of this type of rearrangement in Section 16.5C.
- First Writedown which reaction it is? SN1, SN2, E1? Write a stepwise mechanism for the following reactions showing ALL intermediates. Use curved arrows to symbolize the flow of electrons to show how each of the intermediates and product are formed. Show all necessary lone pairs and formal charges.1-cyclopentylethan-1-one , H-COH , CH3CH2CHO , CH3CH2OH , 3-pentanone Which ones are soluble in water ? Write the reactions and products.1, part A) In the reaction below, draw all of the possible products. 1, part B) For all the products you have drawn, draw their corresponding carbocations while also identifying if each is 1o/2o/3o carbocation. In addition, starting from alkene - provide complete accurate arrow-pushing mechanisms of each carbocation formation. 1, part C) In part B, circle the carbocation which is *most* stable, indicate why.
- TRUE OR FALSE. Write T if True, F if False. 1. In numbering the longest chain, the first substituent should have the higher number. 2. Alphabetize the names of the substituents, ignoring all prefixes except iso, as in isopropyl and isobutyl. 3. A number is always designated to indicate the location of a single substituent in cyclohexane. 4. For rings with two different substituents, number the ring to assign the lower number to the substituents alphabetically. 5. In naming alkenes, the longest carbon chain is always used as the parent name. 6. Toluene is an IUPAC name. 7. A benzyl group differs from a phenyl group only by an extra CH2 group. 8. Naming of branched molecules depend on the type of C atom removed from the parent chain. 9. An unbranched alkane with a chain of 50 carbons is called pentacontane. 10. Heterocyclic amines still…Which stereoisomer of 3-hexene forms (3S,4S)-4-bromo-3-hexanol and (3R,4R)-4-bromo-3-hexanol when it reacts with Br2 and H2O?1. Predict the elimination products of the following reactions. When two alkenes are possible, predict which one will be the major product. Explain your answers, showing the degree of substitution of each double bond in the products. 2. Which of these reactions are likely to produce both elimination and substitution products? (a) 2-bromopentane +NaOCH3 (b) 3-bromo-3-methylpentane +NaOMe(Me= methyl, CH3) (c) 2-bromo-3-ethylpentane +NaOH (d) cis-1-bromo-2-methylcyclohexane +NaOEt (Et= ethyl, CH2CH3)
- True or false? 2-bromo-2-methylpropane undergoes SN1 rather than SN2 because the nucleophile experiences steric hindrance, and a stable carbocation can be formed. When hydroxide ion reacts with 1-chloropropane the main product is 1-propanol.A chemist allows some pure (2S,3R)-3-bromo-2,3-diphenylpentane to react with a solution of sodium ethoxide(NaOCH2 CH3) in ethanol. The products are two alkenes: A (cis-trans mixture) and B, a single pure isomer. Under the same conditions, the reaction of (2S,3S)-3-bromo-2,3-diphenylpentane gives two alkenes, A (cis-trans mixture) and C. Upon catalytic hydrogenation, all three of these alkenes (A, B, and C) give 2,3-diphenylpentane. Determine the structures of A, B, and C; give equations for their formation; and explain the stereospecificity of these reactions.Draw the product or products that will be obtained from the reaction of cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene with each of the following reagents. If a product can exist as stereoisomers, show which stereoisomers are formed. 1. HCl. 4.Br2 in CH2Cl2 7. H2O + H2SO4 2. BH3/THF, followed by HO-, H2O2, H2O 5. Br2 + H2O 8. CH3OH + H2SO4 3. a peroxyacid 6. H2 + Pd/C