The aggregate demand curve Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a only shifts when prices change b is downward sloping because the Federal Reserve changing the money supply leads to a change in the interest rate. с represents equilibrium in both the money market and Y = AE/Aggregate Expenditures model. d none of the above are correct
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- Consider a closed economy with no government, where aggregate demand is determined by autonomous consumption, investment (which is independent of output), and the marginal propensity to consume. a) Given that autonomous consumption is 20, investment is also 20, and the marginal propensity to consume is 0.6, write out an equation for aggregate demand (AD) in this economy. b) Given this aggregate demand equation, and the equilibrium equation Y = AD, use algebra to find the equilibrium level of Y. (2 marks) c) Draw a diagram with output (Y) on the x-axis and aggregate demand (AD) on the yaxis. Draw two lines on this diagram: (i) Y = AD, and (ii) the aggregate demand function from part (a). Label the intercept of the AD line, and the point where the two lines intersect, with numerical values. d) Suppose that the marginal propensity to consume falls from 0.6 to 0.5. What would the new equilibrium level of Y be? Illustrate your answer in the diagram you drew for part (c). e)…The economy of Newland is in short-run macroeconomic equilibrium. The current real output is $400 billion, and the full employment output is $500 billion. The marginal propensity to consume is 0.8. (a) Is the economy experiencing a recessionary output gap or an inflationary output gap? Explain. (b) Assume Newland’s government is considering taking action to close the output gap identified in part (a). (i) Calculate the minimum change and indicate the direction of change in government spending required to shift the aggregate demand curve to close the output gap. Show your work. (ii) If instead Newland’s government changes income taxes without changing government spending, calculate the minimum change and indicate the direction of change in income taxes required to shift the aggregate demand curve to close the output gap. Show your work. (c) Which fiscal policy action, changing government spending or changing income taxes, is more effective in closing the output gap? Explain. (d)…Elaborate on the difference between a binding and non-binding borrowing constraints and thetwo consumption functions that result.b. From the Intertemporal Choice Model, many theories (non-Keynesian theories ofConsumption) came into being. Using graphical and mathematical expressions, compareand contrast the following theories on consumption behaviours:i. Franco Modigliani: Life-Cycle Hypothesisii. Milton Friedman: Permanent-Income Hypothesisiii. Robert Hall: Random Walk Hypothesis
- in a closed economy with no government, where aggregate demand is determinedby autonomous consumption, investment (which is independent of output), and themarginal propensity to consume.a) Given that autonomous consumption is 20, investment is also 20, and the marginalpropensity to consume is 0.6, write out an equation for aggregate demand (AD) in thiseconomy. b) Given this aggregate demand equation, and the equilibrium equation Y = AD, usealgebra to find the equilibrium level of Y. c) Draw a diagram with output (Y) on the x-axis and aggregate demand (AD) on the yaxis. Draw two lines on this diagram: (i) Y = AD, and (ii) the aggregate demandfunction from part (a). Label the intercept of the AD line, and the point where the twolines intersect, with numerical values. (3 marks)d) Suppose that the marginal propensity to consume falls from 0.6 to 0.5. What wouldthe new equilibrium level of Y be? Illustrate your answer in the diagram you drew forpart (c). (2 marks)e) Calculate the value of…The graph below depicts an economy where a decline in aggregate demand has caused a recession. Assume the government decides to conduct fiscal policy by changing taxes to reduce the burden of this recession. Fiscal Policy Instructions: Enter your answer as a whole number. If you are entering a negatlve number Include a minus sign. a. How much does aggregate demand need to change to restore the economy to its long-run equilibrilum? $, billion b. If the MPC is 0.6 , how much do taxes need to change to shift aggregate demand by the amount you found in part a? $, billion Suppose Instead that the MPC is 0.8 . c. How much does aggregate demand and taxes need to change to restore the economy to Its long-run equilibrlum? Aggregate demand needs to change by $ billion and taxes need to change by $ billion.The graph below depicts an economy where an increase in aggregate demand has caused inflation. Assume the government decides to conduct fiscal policy by decreasing government purchases to restore full-employment GDP. Instructions: Enter your answer as a whole number. If you are entering a negative number include a minus sign. a. How much does aggregate demand need to change to restore the economy to its long-run equilibrium? $ -160 Numeric ResponseEdit Unavailable. -160 incorrect. billion b. If the MPC is 0.9, how much do government purchases need to change to shift aggregate demand by the amount you found in part a? $ billion Suppose instead that the MPC is 0.8. c. How much does aggregate demand and government purchases need to change to restore the economy to its long-run equilibrium? Aggregate demand needs to change by $ billion and government purchases need to change by $ billion.
- Parts d-e please a) There is an inflationary gap of $500 m in the full SR model, IS-LM; and I=450 + 0.25Y-1500i; C=350+.65 YD. Calculate the required to policy and show what will happen, cet. par., in the appropriate graph. b) Assume the economy is at YFE. In the full SR model, IS-LM, show what will happen if firm confidence falls, cet. par. What will happen to the components of the goods market? Use directional arrows to show and explain all these changes. Who should do what if FE is the goal of policy? c) We are in eqm in the full SR model, IS-LM. Following a single shock (so that only one curve shifts), cet. par., we see that the nominal interest rate has fallen and Y has risen then we know with certainty that the Fed has engaged in expansionary policy. True, False, or Uncertain? Show graph in i-Y space and explain fully. d) In the full SR model, IS-LM, we know that if to falls, cet. par., then the real Money Supply will increase. True, False, Uncertain? Explain. Show…Based on the below information, help Renwick economy find the equilibrium level of output. Aggregate Demand Aggregate Supply Equilibrium YAD = C + I + G YAS = A Kα L1-α YR =0.5YAD+ 0.5YAS C = 600 + βYD A = (1 + g) Ao YD = YR + TR - tYR K = 35 TR = 55 L = 80 G = 120 g = 6% I = 50 Ao = 150 t = 0.15 α = 0.65 Where C is private consumption, YD is disposable income; TR, G and I are transfer payments, government spending and total investment, respectively. A in the index of technology and K and L are capital and labour inputs. A0 is the initial levels of A and L, both assumed to be 150, while g is the growth rates. The MPC is 0.60. a.) Find aggregate demand…Assuming that policy makers determine that a 500 billion increase in AD is needed to stabalize the economy. How much of an increase in governemnt spending would be required to achieve this. (note: the mpc=.80) lower taxes by 100 bn increase the money supply by 500bn raise spending by 100bn raise spending by 500bn
- Derive the consumption function and use this relation in the aggregate demand function to derivean equation for the equilibrium in the goods market . Why the AD line is upward sloping?Suppose the government spending falls by 100 and in this case marginal propensity to consumeis 0.8. what is the value of change in output. Draw a diagram to show the shift in AD line due tothis change in government spending and output.For each of the following scenarios, tell a story and predict theeffects on the equilibrium levels of aggregate output (Y) and theinterest rate (r):a. During 2005, the Federal Reserve was tightening monetarypolicy in an attempt to slow the economy. Congress passed asubstantial cut in the individual income tax at the same time.b. During the summer of 2003, Congress passed and PresidentGeorge W. Bush signed the third tax cut in 3 years. Many ofthe tax cuts took effect in 2005. Assume that the Fed holdsMs fixed.c. In 1993, the government raised taxes. At the same time, theFed was pursuing an expansionary monetary policy.d. In 2005, conditions in Iraq led to a sharp drop in consumerconfidence and a drop in consumption. Assume that the Fedholds the money supply constant.e. The Fed attempts to increase the money supply to stimulatethe economy, but plants are operating at 65 percent of theircapacities and businesses are pessimistic about the future.Construct an Aggregate Supply and Aggregate Demand model where AS and AD are in equilibrium at potential GDP at a price level of 110 and Real GDP of $13.0 trillion dollars. Be sure to label all parts of the graph. a. Graph the initial effects of a recession that causes AD to decrease and real GDP to fall $0.5 trillion. b. Explain what will happen in the long run if nothing is done. c. If the government wanted to intervene in the economy, explain the Fiscal Policy measures that can be used to bring real GDP back to potential.
