The determination of membrane permeability to a specific solute is broadly Fick's fırst law that is modified to account for... the size of the solute relative to the membrane lipids the solute's ability to dissolve in lipids membrane thickness
Q: Intracellular fluids have high concentrations of ______ A. Group of answer choices B. bicarbonate…
A: Intracellular fluid is present within the cell, known as cytosol and it contains 55% of total body…
Q: If two solutions with different osmolarities are separated by awater-permeable membrane, why will a…
A: When the concentration is expressed as osmoles per liter of solution is called as the osmolarity.…
Q: A membrane separates Solution A and Solution B. The membrane has a permeability of 2 x 105 cm/s to…
A: Diffusion is the net movement of anything (for example, atoms, ions, molecules) from a region of…
Q: In what way can the net solute flux between two compartments seperated by a permeable be increased
A: The net solute flux between two compartments separated by a membrane occurs by the process of…
Q: How is osmolality different from molarity and what will be the osmolality of the body fluids.? How…
A: We will first discuss the difference between osmolality and molarity of a solution. Osmolality is…
Q: difference between the fluxes of a solute moving in two opposite diretion is alled what
A: The plasma membrane of living cells governs the movement of molecules in and out of the cells. The…
Q: membrane permeability for most of the compounds is directly proportional to their partition…
A: The partition coefficient can be defined as the ratio of concentrations of a particular compound in…
Q: (#3] (9 pts) Fill in the table by using the words "hypo", "iso", or "hyper" in the blanks to…
A: To define relative osmolarities between solutions, three terms are used: hyperosmotic, hypoosmotic,…
Q: areas of high solute concentration to areas of low solute concentration
A: The correct answer is B . Areas of high solute concentration to area of low solute concentration
Q: Examine the figure illustrating the distribution of various solutes across a semi-permeable membrane…
A: 1) diffusion 2) compartment C has the greatest osmolarity. As compounds that do not pass the…
Q: Patient with dehydration was started on fluid therapy. If 5% dextrose is isoosmotic to plasma what…
A: Dehydration: When you use or lose more fluid than you take in, your body becomes dehydrated because…
Q: Osmosis and Tonicity Osmosis & Ticity Watch on YouTube 2 3 Return Tonicity describes relative solute…
A: Osmosis is a type of diffusion in which water molecules move across semipermeable membrane. It is a…
Q: The determination of membrane permeability to a specific solute is broadly Fick's first law that is…
A: Membrane permeability Rate of passive diffusion of molecules through the membrane. factors on which…
Q: SOLUTION = SOLVENT Two solutions can be compared to one another on the basis of solute…
A: A solution is formed by mixing two different components in different concentration, solvent…
Q: Explain how tonicity relates to the direction of water movement across a membrane.
A: All the cells have a membrane surrounding their organelles which allow support, protection and…
Q: You apply a drug to neurons that blocks the KCC transporter. As a result, you have a rise in…
A: These are integral membrane proteins, typically formed as assemblies of several individual…
Q: Blood volume must be restored in a person who has lost large amounts of blood due to serious injury.…
A: Answer- For the blood restoration in an injured person isotonic solution is given only.
Q: The osmolarity of a 1 M NaCl solution will be _______ to a 1 M solution of CaCl2. Group of answer…
A: OSMOTIC PRESSURE It is the pressure that must be applied to the solution side to stop fluid movement…
Q: Sugars are transported in symport with Na+. Na+ upon some time accumulates causing the need to…
A: Sugar transported in symport with Na+ : Glucose
Q: The osmolarity of plasma is maintained at about 300 mOsM. What would the osmolarity inside a red…
A: Solute concentration is a solution that makes the solution hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic when…
Q: Hydrophobic molecules that dissipate osmotic gradients byinserting themselves into a membrane and…
A: Cell transport is the transfer of materials over cell membranes. Cell transport involves passive and…
Q: Given a selectively permeable membrane that is permeableto water but not to a particular solute and…
A: Diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane called osmosis.
Q: A student put together the experimental setup up shown. The selectively permeable membrane is…
A: The given setup is about the passive transport. Diffusion is the movement of molecules (salute or…
Q: In an investigation of osmosis, apple cores were submerged in different molarity solutions to…
A:
Q: luid exchange in the venous end is considered osmosis or reverse osmosis
A: The cardiovascular system is responsible for circulating blood, gases, nutrients, etc from one cell…
Q: Which of the following statements regarding the equilibrium potential (Eion) of an ion is correct?…
A: Equilibrium potential refers to the electric potential difference across the membrane of the cell,…
Q: Define osmolarity and tonicity, and explain the differencebetween them
A: Osmotically active particles' concentration in a solution which is expressed quantitatively in terms…
Q: the Michaelis-Menten dynamics to explain what happens in plasma concentration of a solute reaches Tm…
A: With increase in solute concentration, the velocity of the enzymatic reaction rises fast, the…
Q: In patients that suffer from diabetes insipidus, a urine sample would show which of the following…
A: Endocrine system is a system which contains different glands which produces the hormones are…
Q: Molecules cannot move naturally through tje selmembrane against its diffusion gradient,but it…
A: In the sodium-potassium pump framework, sodium and potassium particles are move against the…
Q: The osmolarity of body fluids is maintained at ________. a. 100 mOsm b. 300 mOsm c. 1000 mOsm d. it…
A: The term osmolarity is defined as the concentration of solutes in a given solution. It is calculated…
Q: atty acid increase membrane fluidity
A: The basic structure of the cell membrane (CM) is formed by the phospholipids and made this membrane…
Q: Difference in K* concentration across the PM pressure potential Both Difference in K+ concentration…
A: Resting membrane potential is the normal potential of the membrane it is negative inside and…
Q: Renal tubule cells in the kidney medulla are constantly exposed to high extracellular osmolarity.…
A: Renal tubule is the part of the nephron( basic unit of kidney) through which the urine formation…
Q: Animals that are osmoconformers _______. almost always live on land or in fresh water habitats…
A: Osmoregulation is defined as the process of regulation and maintenance of salt and osmotic (water)…
Q: Calculate the change in osmolarity and the volume of extracellular and intracellular fluid when a…
A: Osmolarity is concentration of active particles in a solution.
Q: What is the resting membrane potential
A:
Q: anisms, when confronted with a changing external osmotic environment, allow the internal (but…
A: Osmosis The ability of the fluid, usually water required to pass through the semipermeable membrane…
Q: Predict the fate of a red blood cell placed in each of the solutions below. Explain why these…
A: Osmosis is the movement of a solvent across a semipermeable membrane toward a higher concentration…
Q: The normal osmolarity and glucose level of plasma are 300mmol/L and 1g/L, respectively. Estimate the…
A: Mw of glucose= 180 Molar concentration (C) = Mass conc. (g/l) / Mw = 1/ 180 = 0.005 mol/l (Normal…
Q: Renal tubule cells in the kidney medulla are constantly exposed to high extracellular osmolirity.…
A: The kidneys are bean-shaped organs (about 11 cm x 7 cm x 3 cm) that are located against the back…
Q: A phospholipid bilayer separates two chambers. The chambers both contain the same volume of water.…
A: A selectively permeable membrane is a membrane that allows free movement of certain molecules across…
Q: What effect might a change in extracellular osmolarity have on the movement of water across cell…
A: Introduction: In a day, the amount of water may increase or decrease in the body. The body…
Q: How does the lipid solubility affect the permeability of solute through biological membranes
A: Membrane transport can take place actively or passively. In passive transport, molecules transport…
Q: find the cause that, if the plasma membrane of a cell were freely permeable to the sodium ions, will…
A: As a protective covering, the lipid bilayer is found on the exterior of neurons. It stops positive…
Q: Dehydration of a cell can occur if: a. there is an extracellular matrix to the outside of the plasma…
A:
Q: Which is incorrect?a. Diffusion of a solute through a membrane is considerably quicker thandiffusion…
A: The biological membranes are the boundaries of the cell and they regulate the molecular traffic…
Q: If someone runs a marathon through a desert while eating pretzels and not drinking water, their…
A: Electrolytes are minerals present in the body which possess an electric charge. They are present in…
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- One of the important uses of the Nernst equation is in describing the flow of ions across plasma membranes. Ions move under the influence of two forces: the concentration gradient (given in electrical units by the Nernst equation) and the electrical gradient (given by the membrane voltage). This is summarized by Ohms law: Ix=Gx(VmEx) which describes the movement of ion x across the membrane. I is the current in amperes (A); G is the conductance, a measure of the permeability of x, in Siemens (S), which is I/V;Vm is the membrane voltage; and Ex is the equilibrium potential of ion x. Not only does this equation tell how large the current is, but it also tells what direction the current is flowing. By convention, a negative value of the current represents either a positive ion entering the cell or a negative ion leaving the cell. The opposite is true of a positive value of the current. a. Using the following information, calculate the magnitude of Na [ Na+ ]0=145mM,[ Na+ ]i=15mM,Gna+=1nS,Vm=70mV b. Is Na+ entering or leaving the cell? c. Is Na+ moving with or against the concentration gradient? Is it moving with or against the electrical gradient?Given a selectively permeable membrane that is permeableto water but not to a particular solute and given that thereare different solute concentrations on the two sides of themembrane, show the direction of water movement and labelthe side with the higher osmotic pressure.For most neurons, the extracellular concentration of chloride ions (Cl-) is 108 mM, whilethe intracellular concentration of Cl- is 5 mM.If the plasma membrane becomes more permeable to Cl-, would there be Clinflux or Cl- efflux at an RMP of -70 mV? Why?
- The three fundamental classes of proteins involved in transport across membranes are: i) channelsii) pumpsiii) exchangers For each class, describe its essential features, explain how transport is accomplished and name at least one representative example.What is the osmolarity of the solution? Is it hypertonic, isotonic, or hypotonic with blood plasma (0.30 osmol)? Discuss possible medicinal reasons forthe osmolarity of the solution.• Describe the concept of transport maximum (Tm). • Explain the membrane potential and the equilibrium potential. • What information does the Nernst Equation provide? What is the limitation inherent to the Nernst Potential?
- Solution A is hyperosmotic to solution B. If solution A is separatedfrom solution B by a selectively permeable membrane, does watermove from solution A into solution B, or vice versa? ExplainWith regard to fluid movement between body fluid compartments, what effect does oral/parenteral administration of a hypotonic NaCl solution (0.45% NaCl, 145 mOsm/kg) have on the volume & osmolality of the extracellular fluid compartment (ECF), and on the volume & osmolality of the intracellular fluid compartment (ICF)? Clearly explain your reasoningif an object b has a plasma sodium concentration of 135mOsm/L and an intracellular concentration of 4mOsm/L. It also has a plasma concentration of potassium of 20mOsm/L and an intracellular concentration of 200mOsm/L. studies identify that the cells have a permeability to potassium that is 10 times greater than sodium. What is the resting membrane potential
- Which statements are true? Explain why or why not.1 Transport by transporters can be either active orpassive, whereas transport by channels is always passive.2 Transporters saturate at high concentrations ofthe transported molecule when all their binding sites areoccupied; channels, on the other hand, do not bind theions they transport and thus the flux of ions through achannel does not saturate.3 The membrane potential arises from movementsof charge that leave ion concentrations practically unaf-fected, causing only a very slight discrepancy in the num-ber of positive and negative ions on the two sides of themembrane.If a person was severely dehydrated and the osmolarity of their blood and tissue fluids was at 500 mOsm/L while their intracellular osmolarity was 300 mOsm/L; explain what would happen via osmosis.Blood volume must be restored in a person who has lost large amounts of blood due to serious injury. This is often accomplished by infusing isotonic NaCl solution into the blood. Why is this more effective than infusing an isoosmotic solution of a penetrating solute, such as urea?