The following shows one of the enzymatic steps in Glycolysis. Use this figure to answer the questions below. OFC-H OPO}- H-C-OH (a) H-C-OH + (b) CH,OPO Question 6 What are the correct names of the substrate and products of the reaction given above (the structures are given above)? Substrate Product Glyceraldhyde-3- 1, 3-Bisphosphoglycerate Phosphate Glyceraldhyde-3- 1,3- B) Phosphate Bisphosphoglyceraldehyde C) 3-Phosphoglycerate 1.3-Bisphosphoglycerol D) 3-Phosphoglycerate 2-phosphoglycerate (A) 1. CH,OPO} +

The following shows one of the enzymatic steps in Glycolysis. Use this figure to answer the questions below. OFC-H OPO}- H-C-OH (a) H-C-OH + (b) CH,OPO Question 6 What are the correct names of the substrate and products of the reaction given above (the structures are given above)? Substrate Product Glyceraldhyde-3- 1, 3-Bisphosphoglycerate Phosphate Glyceraldhyde-3- 1,3- B) Phosphate Bisphosphoglyceraldehyde C) 3-Phosphoglycerate 1.3-Bisphosphoglycerol D) 3-Phosphoglycerate 2-phosphoglycerate (A) 1. CH,OPO} +

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry

11th Edition

ISBN:9781285869759

Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres

Publisher:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres

Chapter31: Immunochemistry

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 31.72P

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The first step of the metabolic process known as glycolysis is the conversion of glucose to glucose- 6-phosphate. This process has a positive value for rG' Glucose + Pi Glucose-6-phosphate + H2O rG' = +13.8 kJ/mol-rxn This reaction is coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP ATP + H2O ADP + Pi rG' = -30.5 kJ/mol-rxn What is the sum of these two equations and the value of rG' for the coupled reaction? Is the coupled reaction product-favored at equilibrium?
If the hydrolysis of 1 M glucose 6-phosphate catalyzed by glucose 6-phosphatase has a delta G’^o of -11.386 kJ/mol at 25 °C, what percentage of substrate remains once the reaction reaches equilibrium assuming no product was initially present? (Round answer to the nearest whole number) (R = 8.315 J/mol · K)
TPP is a coenzyme for transketolase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of a ketopentose (xylulose5-phosphate) and an aldopentose (ribose-5-phosphate) to an aldotriose (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) and a ketoheptose (sedoheptulose-7-phosphate). Notice that the total number of carbons in the reactants and products is the same (5 + 5 = 3 + 7). Propose a mechanism for this reaction.
In one of the steps in this pathway fructose 1,6-biphosphate (F1,6BP) is converted to gylceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G-3-p) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP). This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme aldolase. For this reaction at 25 celcuius and Ph7 we have: Keq= 10-4M and Delta G = +5456 cal/mol Calculate the following: The concentration of F1, 6BP, DHAP and G-3-P at equilibrium when the initial F1,6BP is (A) 1M, (b) 10-2 M, (c) 2 X 10*4 M and (d) 10-5 M. I been trying to solve this problem but I dont even know where to begin with. Atleast help me with problem A, I would be able to guide myself through.
TPP is a coenzyme for transketolase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of a ketopentose (xylulose- 5-phosphate) and an aldopentose (ribose-5-phosphate) to an aldotriose (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) anda ketoheptose (sedoheptulose-7-phosphate). Notice that the total number of carbons in the reactants and products is the same (5 + 5 = 3 + 7). Propose a mechanism for this reaction.
8 The optimal temperature for the action of lactate dehydrogenase is 36°C. It is irreversibly inactivated at 85°C, but a yeast containing this enzyme can survive for months at —10°C. Explain how this can happen.
One of the steps in the pentose phosphate pathway for glucose catabolism is the reaction of xylulose 5-phosphate with ribose 5-phosphate in the presence of a transketolase to give glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and sedoheptulose 7-phosphate. (a) The first part of the reaction is nucleophilic addition of thiamin diphosphate (TPP) ylide to xylulose 5-phosphate, followed by a retro-aldol cleavage to give glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and a TPPcontaining enamine. Show the structure of the enamine and the mechanism by which it is formed. (b) The second part of the reaction is addition of the enamine to ribose 5-phosphate followed by loss of TPP ylide to give sedoheptulose 7-phosphate. Show the mechanism.
In the pentose phosphate pathway for degrading sugars, ribulose 5-phosphate is converted to ribose 5-phosphate. Propose a mechanism for the isomerization.
C6H12O6 + a*O2 + b*NH3 --> c*CH1.64O0.52N0.16 + d*CO2 + e*H2O + f*C2H5OH In the aerobic yeast growth process, overflow metabolism can be observed when the sugar feed rate exceeds the oxidizing capacity of the yeast. In this case, part of the substrate is treated anaerobically and the production of biomass is reduced and ethanol is formed. This can also be observed when the respiratory rate RQ goes above one. The chemical composition of this yeast is CH1.64O0.52N0.16 . The yield of ethanol from glucose is 0.14 g g-1 and the yield of biomass from glucose is 0.362 g g-1. Calculate the oxygen demand of the reaction. In this calculation, use the following rounded even values as atomic weights for all calculations: C=12 g/mol, H=1 g/mol, O=16 g/mol ja N=14 g/mol. So how many moles of oxygen are needed per mole of glucose?
One step in glycolysis is the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. The direct reaction of fructose-6-phosphate with inorganic phosphate fructose-6-phosphate + Pi ⇌ fructose-1,6-bisphosphate + H₂O is very unfavorable, with ∆G'°= 16.3 kJ/mol and K'eq = 1.39×10⁻³. However, in glycolysis the reaction is coupled to ATP hydrolysis: fructose-6-phosphate + ATP ⇌ fructose-1,6-phosphate + ADP and the reaction if favorable. What is the equilibrium [fructose-1,6-bisphosphate]/[fructose-6-phosphate] ratio in the coupled reaction when [ATP] = [ADP]? For ATP hydrolysis ∆G'°= -30.5 kJ/mol at 25°C.
1.In the mitochondria, enzymes attached to the membrane use the ______________ to produce a ____________ difference and thus an electrical potential. Making the transfer of _______________ possible a. pH, flow of electrons, hydrogens b. pH, electron flow, oxygen c. electron flow, pH, hydrogens d. Electron flow, pH, Oxygen 2.Which of the following sugars can be a substrate for hexokinase? a.glucose b.fructose c.mannose d.all these e.none of those
Aldolase catalyzes the glycolytic reaction The standard free-energy change for this reaction in the direction written is +23.8 kJ/mol. The concentrations of the three intermediates in the hepatocyte of a mammal are: fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, 1.4 × 10−5 M; glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, 3 × 10−6 M; and dihydroxyacetone phosphate, 1.6 ×10−5 M. At body temperature (37 °C), what is the actual free-energy change for the reaction?