The free energy change of each step of glycolysis is given in the table below. ∆G°’ is the free energy under standard conditions (25°C, 1M each reactant, pH 7), while ∆G is the free energy change at presumed physiological conditions. Why must no step have a positive ∆G under physiological conditions?
Q: Phosphofructokinase (PFK) is the key regulatory enzyme of glycolysis. An Allosteric inhibitor of PFK…
A: Glycolysis is a major metabolic pathway which carry out the breakdown of glucose to form pyruvate…
Q: Consider the following reaction: CH,OPO CH,OPO CH-OH CH-OPO ATP ADP н но он phosphofructokinase-1…
A: In the third step of glycolysis, fructose-6-phosphate is converted to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. An…
Q: Under standard conditions, NADH reoxidation by the electron-transport chain has a free-energy change…
A: ADP + Pi → ATP G= + 30.66 KJ /mol By the electron transport chain, NADH reoxidation has a free…
Q: From this enzymatic equation, a) identify each reaction as endergonic or exergonic, and b) briefly…
A: Spontaneous reaction favors the formation of products when two conditions, a decrease in enthalpy…
Q: What is the ΔG◦’ of ATP hydrolysis according to these data and is the overall reaction spontaneous?…
A: ∆G'° for any reaction is a fixed parameter as it is defined by standard condition. For spontaneous…
Q: A direct measurement of the standard free-energy change associated with the hydrolysis of ATP is…
A: ATP: Adenosine Tri-phosphate; NADPH: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. These two are the…
Q: Consider the malate dehydrogenase reaction from the citric acid cycle. Given the listed…
A: The reaction catalyzed by malate dehydrogenase is given below. Malate + NAD+ ⇌ Oxaloacetate +…
Q: The complete combustion of palmitate and glucose yields 9781 kJ ∙ mol−1 and 2850 kJ ∙ mol−1 of free…
A: Cellular Respiration is the oxidative process through which energy is obtained from the food. The…
Q: ATP constitutes the most common cellular energy currency. Explain the factors that account for the…
A: The human body comprises a trillions number of cells. Every cell comprises mitochondria. The main…
Q: Why does this step in particular proceed spontaneously under typical cellular conditions?
A: Glycolysis is defined as a series of enzymatic reactions that convert one molecule of glucose, a…
Q: . If palmitic acid is subjected to complete combustion in a bomb calorimeter, one can calculate a…
A: The oxidation of the palmitic acid produces 8 acetyl Co-A + 7FADH2 + 7NADH in 7 cycles of the…
Q: In Bacillus subtilis, threonine is metabolized by the following sequence of reactions: (a)…
A:
Q: Upon digestion of starch, isomaltose (an isomer of maltose), one of its degradation products, is…
A: Aerobic metabolism is a set of three basic metabolic processes that occur in cells to generate…
Q: Glucose is phosphorylated to glucose-6-phosphate by hexokinase in the first step of the glycolytic…
A: Reactions that have a positive value of Delta G are not favorable in nature. Hence in order to…
Q: If a reaction has a ΔG°′ value of at least −30.5 kJ · mol−1, suffi -cient to drive the synthesis of…
A: The Standard Gibbs free energy change (∆G°) is the change in free energy when the substrate is…
Q: Nearly all organisms on Earth carry out some form of glycolysis. How does this fact support or not…
A: Prokaryotes may perform aerobic (oxygen-requiring) or anaerobic (non-oxygen-based) metabolism, and…
Q: The first reaction in Glycolysis is the phosphorylation of Glucose: Pi + Glucose - Glucose…
A: Glycolysis is a metabolic process that occurs in the cytoplasm irrespective of the presence or…
Q: What terms would best describe the above coupled reaction? (If the DGo for ATP hydrolysis into ADP +…
A: The Gibbs free energy change determines whether a biochemical reaction is favorable or not. It…
Q: Consider the following interconversion, which occurs in glycolysis :(a) What is ΔG′° for the…
A: Ans: Glycolysis: It is the process of breaking glucose in step wise manner to form pyruvate and CO2…
Q: Questión 73 ATP is used by cells for all of the following except
A: ATP ATP are adenosine triphosphate molecules which on hydrolysis releases water, inorganic…
Q: The regulation of 1-phosphofructokinase occurs primarily by allosteric effectors, including ATP and…
A: Glycolysis It is the 10 steps process of cellular respiration where one molecule of glucose is…
Q: The following reaction in glycolysis is catalyzed by the enzyme triose phosphate isomerase:…
A: Dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate are formed from fructose 1,6 bisphosphate…
Q: In a major metabolic pathway involving the monosaccharide glucose, one of the reactions involve the…
A: The given reaction represents the first reaction of the glycolysis pathway. In this reaction, the…
Q: One of the examples that we have used to illustrate the concept of equilibrium is the isomerization…
A: Mannose 6 phosphate is an enzyme which facilitates the interconversion of fructose 6 phosphate and…
Q: The standard free energy change for ATP hydrolysis is -7.3kcal/mol. The free energy change under…
A: Given; The standard free energy change for ATP hydrolysis is -7.3 kcal/mole. The free energy change…
Q: Organisms growing anaerobically cannot perform glycolysis for long without reducing the pyruvate…
A: During cellular respiration, respiratory substrates like glucose molecule can undergo a complete…
Q: Upon digestion of starch, isomaltose (an isomer of maltose), one of its degradation products, is…
A: Isomaltose is a glycosylglucose consisting of two D-glucopyranose units connected by an…
Q: The intermediates of glycolysis with a free energy of hydrolysis sufficient to couple conversion of…
A: Glycolysis is an oxidative process, in which glucose is partially oxidized into pyruvate in a series…
Q: Given the following information, calculate the physiological ΔG of the isocitrate dehydrogenase…
A: Gibbs free energy or Free energy is a potential of thermodynamics that helps in calculating…
Q: enzyme malate dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate in the final step…
A: In a reaction if a molecule is oxidized then other molecule must be reduced. This is called as…
Q: In the third step of glycolysis, the given reactions are coupled. reaction 1: fructose-6-phosphate…
A: The free energy change of a reaction or the Gibbs free energy or delta G can tell us whether or not…
Q: Consider the following mechanism: What kind of reaction is occurring during this step of glycolysis?…
A: "Since you have asked multiple subparts questions, we will solve the first five question for you. If…
Q: Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis are effectively two sides of the same coin”. With the aid of a…
A: The first step in the cellular respiration is the glycolysis which involves the splitting of a…
Q: If palmitic acid is subjected to complete combustion in a bomb calorimeter, one can calculate a…
A: The oxidation of the palmitic acid produces 8 acetyl Co-A + 7FADH2 + 7NADH in 7 cycles of the…
Q: What is the net equation for the first 5 reactions of glycolysis?
A: Glycolysis is breakdown of glucose into pyruvate(aerobic oxidation) or lactate(anaerobic oxidation).…
Q: In glycolysis, the KM value of hexoquinase is 0.04 mM. At physiological conditions, the cellular…
A: Enzymes bind reactants (substrates) to their active sites and convert them into products. They…
Q: Otto Warburg made an interesting observation in the 1930s about cancer cells using the fermentation…
A: The reactive oxygen species (ROS) like superoxide ion is produced in the mitochondria under two…
Q: When glucose is used as the starting material for glycolysis there is a net gain of +2 ATP per…
A: Energy is needed for all functions and processes of the cell. Metabolic pathways play an important…
Q: n the living cell, free energy made from one reaction can be used to drive another in an…
A: Glycolysis is also known as the Embden Meyerhof pathway and it is highly conserved from…
Q: The enzyme malate dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate in the final step…
A: The malate dehydrogenase enzyme catalyzes the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate in the TCA cycle.…
Q: Consider the following phosphoryl group transfer reaction which is the first step in glucose…
A: The cell's initial mechanism for breaking down glucose for energy is called "glycolysis." There are…
Q: During cellular respiration, for each single glucose molecule 10 NADH molecules and 2 FADH2…
A: During glycolysis and citric acid cycle, much of the free energy is retained in the form of reduced…
Q: What percentage of ATP energy is produced when 9.0 moles of glucose are oxidized into acetyl CoA?…
A: Glycolysis generates net ATP = 2 ATP per mole of Glucose molecule Then end product of glycolysis -…
Q: ATP Synthase is known to catalyze the synthesis of ATP with a ΔG°’ close to zero, and a Keq' close…
A: The F1/F0 ATP synthase catalyzes the conversion of ADP to ATP coupled with the movement of protons…
Q: For a lot of enzymes that work on fatty acids, the rate determining step is the release of the…
A: Firstly, fatty acid synthesis is synthesis of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and also utilizing NADPH.…
The free energy change of each step of glycolysis is given in the table below. ∆G°’ is the free energy under standard conditions (25°C, 1M each reactant, pH 7), while ∆G is the free energy change at presumed physiological conditions. Why must no step have a positive ∆G under physiological conditions?
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