What percentage of ATP energy is produced when 9.0 moles of glucose are oxidized into acetyl CoA? (7.3 kcal/mole ATP) Express your answer to two significant figures.
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- Q How much more ATP is possible from aerobicallyrespiring glucose instead of fermenting it to lactate?Why is this so? Does the citric acid cycle only have acatabolic function?Consider a 24:1 △cis-9 fatty acid in the mitochondrion. For each fatty acid given, determine the following. 1. Gross ATP from b-oxidation cycles 2. Gross ATP from acetyl CoA produced 3. Gross ATP from conversion of propionyl CoA (if applicable) 4. Total number of ATP deducted 5. Total net ATPIn considering the carbohydrate maltose... a. How many molecules of acetyl CoA are formed from its complete catabolism? b. How many rounds of Citric acid Cycle must occur to complete catabolism? c. How many rounds of electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation?
- Calculate the net number of ATPs produced when one 10-carbon fatty acid is activated, enters the mitochondrion, and undergoes complete � oxidation to produce acetyl-CoA and reduced coenzymes.Consider ten glucose molecules that enter a cell. How many ATP can be generated by the complete catabolism of these into CO2 and H2O? If all ten are first incorporated into glycogen, liberated from glycogen, and then fully catabolized into CO2 and H2O, does the ATP tally increase, decrease or stay the same? Consider that 1 UTP = 1 ATP. Explain. Describe the processes which produce ATP and provide a balanced equation of glucose, CO2, H2O and O2Drawthe structures of the two citric acid cycle intermediates that can be converted into amino acids in a single step by transamination. What amino acids do they produce?Draw their structures.
- The transformation of glucose to lactate in myocytes releases only about 7% of the free energy released when glucose is completely oxidized to CO2 and H2O. Does this mean that anaerobic glycolysis in muscle is a wasteful use of glucose? Explain.Under standard conditions, is the oxidation of ubiquinol (Coenzyme Q) by O2 sufficiently exergonic to drive the synthesis of ATP? If yes, how many ATP can be synthesized assuming 100% efficiency?Given what you know about the involvement of nicotinamide nucleotides inoxidative and reductive metabolic reactions, predict whether the followingintracellular concentration ratios should be 1, > 1, or < 1. Explain youranswers.(a) [NAD+] >[NADH](b) [NADP+] >[NADPH](c) Since NAD+ and NADP+ are essentially equivalent in their tendency to attract electrons, discuss how the two concentration ratios might bemaintained inside cells at greatly differing values.
- In terms of aerobic cellular respiration, explain how the irreversible steps of glycolysis and krebs, work in concert with oxidative phosphorylation (i.e., ETC and ATP synthase) to regulate the energy charge of the cell? Why do hepatocytes make more ATP from glucose than myocytes?Complex II links the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. i) With the help of the half reactions given in Table 1, formulate the redox equation for the oxidation of succinate and reduction of ubiquinone.The Relative Efficiency of ATP Synthesis in Noncyclic versus Cyclic Photophosphorylation If noncyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 7 H+/2e- and cyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 2 H+/e-, what is the relative photosynthetic efficiency of ATP synthesis (expressed as the number of photons absorbed per ATP synthesized) for noncyclic versus cyclic photophosphorylation? (Assume that the CF1CF0-ATP synthase yields 3 ATP/14 H+.)
