The frequency of breakdown of a machine per month is shown in the table. The cost ofa breakdown is $1,000 and the cost of preventive maintenance is $1,250 per month. Ifpreventive maintenance is performed, the probability of a machine breakdown is negligible. Should the manager use preventive maintenance, or would it be cheaper to repair themachine when it breaks down?Number of breakdowns 0 1 2 3Frequency of occurrence .20 .30 .40 .10
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The frequency of breakdown of a machine per month is shown in the table. The cost of
a breakdown is $1,000 and the cost of preventive maintenance is $1,250 per month. If
preventive maintenance is performed, the probability of a machine breakdown is negligible. Should the manager use preventive maintenance, or would it be cheaper to repair the
machine when it breaks down?
Number of breakdowns 0 1 2 3
Frequency of occurrence .20 .30 .40 .10
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- An insurance company would like to offer theft insurance for renters. The policy wouldpay the full replacement value of any items that were stolen from the apartment. Someapartments have security alarms installed. Such systems detect a break-in and ring an alarmwithin the apartment. The insurance company estimates that the probability of a theft in ayear is .05 if there is no security system and .01 if there is a security system (there cannot bemore than one theft in any year). An apartment with a security system costs the renter anadditional £50 per year. Assume that the loss from a theft is £10,000 and that the insurancecompany is risk neutral and the renter would be willing to pay more than the expected loss toinsure against the loss of theft. What is the insurance company's break even price for a one year theft insurance policy for anapartment without a security system?The owner of a ski resort is considering installing a new ski lift that will cost $900,000. Expenses for operating andmaintaining the lift are estimated to be $1,500 per day when operating. The U.S. Weather Service estimates thatthere is a 60% probability of 80 days of skiing weather per year, a 30% probability of 100 days per year, and a 10% probability of 120 days per year. The operators of the resort estimate that during the first 80 days of adequate snow in a season, an average of 500 people will use the lift each day, at a fee of $10 each. If 20 additional days are available, the lift will be used by only 400 people per day during the extra period; and if 20 more days of skiing are available, only 300 people per day will use the lift during those days. The owners wish to recover any invested capital within five years and want at least a 25% per year rate of return before taxes. Based on a before-tax analysis, should the lift be installed?6.33 Statistics released by the National HighwayTraffic Safety Administration and the National SafetyCouncil show that on an average weekend night, 1 outof every 10 drivers on the road is drunk. If 400 driversare randomly checked next Saturday night, what is theprobability that the number of drunk drivers will be(a) less than 32?(b) more than 49?(c) at least 35 but less than 47?
- Tom wants to avoid any accidents on the work floor of his factory. If an accident does occur, itwould cost him $500,000 in damages. Installing safety equipment would decrease the probabilityof an accident occurring from 20% to 10%. However, the equipment costs $20,000 to install.10. What is his expected loss after installing the safety equipmenta. $20,000b. $50,000c. $100,000d. $125,000Suppose that there are two types of workers: high and low. Employers cannot distinguish between different types during an interview. Employers value high type at $200,000 and low type at $100,000. Employers are in a competitive market (i.e. zero profit applies). High type workers have a reservation wage of 140,000 and low type workers have a reservation wage of 80,000. Suppose that 50% of all workers are high type. The productivities, reservation wages, and the probabilities are common knowledge). What wage would the employers offer? Please explain the solution!A health economist is conducting the analysis and making a choice between the following two choices: Choice A: there is a certain outcome that the patient will stay in chronic health state X for the rest of his life T Choice B: the treatment has two possible outcomes, either the patient is returned to full Health (1) of the rest of his life T with probability p; the patient dies (0) immediately with the remainig probability What is the utilty value of the health state X? X=P X=PT X=(1-P)/P X=PT/(1-P)
-  Time remaining: 01 :51 :45 Economics A dealer decides to sell an antique automobile by means of an English auction with a reservation price of $900. There are two bidders. The dealer believes that there are only three possible values, $7,200, $3,600, and $900, that each bidder’s willingness to pay might take. Each bidder has a probability of 1/3 of having each of these willingnesses to pay, and the probabilities for each of the two bidders are independent of the other’s valuation. Assuming that the two bidders bid rationally and do not collude, the dealer’s expected revenue from selling the car is approximately Group of answer choices $3,600. $2,500. $3,900. $5,400. $7,200.Probability Possible Rate of Return 0.25 -0.10 0.15 0.00 0.35 0.10 0.25 0.25 a. Under what conditions can the standard deviation be used to measure the relative risk of two investments? b. Under what conditions must the coefficient of variation (CoVar) be used to measure the relative risk of two investments?The weekly salary paid to employees of a small company that supplies part-time laborers averages s800 with a standard deviation of $500. (a) If the weekly salaries are normally distributed, estimate the fraction of employees that make more than $300 per week. (b) If every employee receives a year-end bonus that adds $100 to the paycheck in the final week, how does this change the normal model for that week? (c) If every employee receives a 5% salary increase for the next year, how does the normal model change? (d) If the lowest salary is $300 and the meltian salary is $550, does a normal model appear appropriate?
- The owner of Tastee Cookies needs to decide whether to lease a small, medium, or large new retail outlet. She estimates that monthly profits will vary with demand for her cookies as follows: SIZE OFOUTLET DEMAND LOW HIGH Small $ 1,000 1,000 Medium 500 2,500 Large 0 3,000 For what range of probability that demand will be high, will she decide to lease the medium facility?Many decision problems have the following simplestructure. A decision maker has two possible decisions, 1 and 2. If decision 1 is made, a sure cost of c isincurred. If decision 2 is made, there are two possibleoutcomes, with costs c1 and c2 and probabilities p and1 2 p. We assume that c1 , c , c2. The idea is thatdecision 1, the riskless decision, has a moderate cost,whereas decision 2, the risky decision, has a low costc1 or a high cost c2.a. Calculate the expected cost from the riskydecision.b. List as many scenarios as you can think of thathave this structure. (Here’s an example to get youstarted. Think of insurance, where you pay a surepremium to avoid a large possible loss.) For eachof these scenarios, indicate whether you wouldbase your decision on EMV or on expected utilityA plaintiff believes that there is a 30% chance that he will winIf he wins, he will gain $50,000. It costs him $5000 in non‐recoverable litigation costs to take the case to court. If the plaintiff is risk‐neutral, which of the following is true? A) The plaintiff will take the case to court with an expected net‐gain of $10,000 B) The plaintiff will take the case to court with an expected net‐gain of $15,000 C) The plaintiff will not take the case to court because he is afraid of losing. D) None of the above