The laws of thermodynamics can only be applied to a thermodynamic system; which is an open system considered separate from its environment. True O False

Q: Are heat capacities (Cv) independent or dependent on temperature? Explain

A: Heat capacity is defined as the minimum amount of heat which is required to raise the temperature of…

Q: Explain how thermodynamic stability differes from kinetic stability. Can a substance or system be…

A: Kinetics is about how a reaction takes place, whether slow or fast.Thermodynamics is about if a…

Q: >What is a perpetual motion machine? Can such a machine exist given the laws of thermodynamics?

A: Perpetual motion machine:It is an idealistic concept which moves indefinitely without any energy…

Q: Introduction to state functions (thermodynamics )

A: State Function : A property whose value doesn't depend upon the path taken to reach that specific…

Q: Restate the first and second law of thermodynamics.

A: Thermodynamics is the branch of physical science that gives the relation between heat, energy,…

Q: 4. In an extensive property of a thermodynamic system (a) extensive heat is transferred (b)…

A: Extensive property of a thermodynamic system is the property which is dependent on the amount of…

Q: the work done on a system (+delta G) ro bring it into an ordered state (negative delta S)

A: When work is done on the system (+∆G) to bring it into an ordered state (-∆S).

Q: Differentiate between state and nonstate thermodynamic systems using suitable examples.

A: Thermodynamics is basically that branch of physics which deals with heat, work, and temperature.…

Q: Explain the single criterion for a physical process to be classified as spontaneous.

A: Spontaneous processes are the changes occur without work to be done on the system and it occurs…

Q: State the third law of thermodynamics. How is it interpreted in a microscopic thermodynamic sense?

A:

Q: Can a perpetual motion machine exists given the laws of thermodynamics?

A: Perpetual motion machine: It is an idealistic concept which moves indefinitely without any energy…

Q: Define the term thermodynamic measurements?

A: The branch of science which deals with the quantitative relationship of heat with the other forms of…

Q: The change in Gibbs' free energy is also considered a measure of the additional work that a system…

A: Given statement is :  The change in Gibb's free energy is also considered a measure of the…

Q: why do so many thermodynamic processes happen in one direction but never the reverse?

A: There are two types of thermodynamic process based on the reversibility of the process- irreversible…

Q: Write any two consequences of the application of the second law of thermodynamics with suitable…

A: The universe entropy (also referred as randomness) always tend to increase in accordance with…

Q: Which of the following thermodynamic functions can be measured absolutely? A. Internal Energy B.…

A: Given : We have to tell which of the following can be measured absolutely.

Q: When a system is at absolute zero, it has only one microstate. O True O False

A: Ans Microstates are number of possible accessible states or accessibility of the population of the…

Q: A substance has a molar specific heat, cV,m=4.00 J K-1mol-1and a molar mass, M=10.0 g/mol. A 100.0 g…

A: Given : mass of sample 1 and 2 and molar mass of sample and molar specific heat. To find: final…

Q: A certain reaction has ∆?°= -19.5KJ and ∆S°= 42.7 J/K, does the reaction lead to an increase or…

A: here in given question change in entropy is given positive it means as reaction move forward entropy…

Q: consider a system consisting of an ice cube. (a) under what conditions can the ice cube melt…

A: The ice cubes melts reversibly when solid and liquid are in equilibrium.

Q: 1.1 State the first law of thermodynamics 1.2. What is the difference between isobaric process and…

A: 1.1 The statement for first law of thermodynamics: The total energy of an isolated system is does…

Q: A substance has a molar specific heat, cV,m=4.00 J K-1mol-1and a molar mass, M=10.0 g/mol. A 100.0 g…

A: Given : Intial temperature of sample 1= 250 K.                 Initial temperature of sample 2 = 400…

Q: At constant volume, the first law of :thermodynamic is .A U=+W .B U=qA .C JALA

A:

Q: If a system is subjected to any cyclic transformation, the work produced in the surroundings is…

A:

Q: 1. Given the thermodynamic equation, H =U + PV , use this and other thermodynamic equations to show…

A:

Q: What is the signifi-cance of entropy being a state function?

A: Entropy is a thermodynamic state function that determines randomness in a system.  When we raise…

Q: properties of a thermodynamic system

A: Thermodynamic is the branch of chemistry that mainly deals with the heat transfer between system and…

Q: Tick True or False: 1 - The basic principles of thermodynamics include the system, its limits, and…

A: Thermodynamics can be defined as the branch of chemistry that relates heat, work, energy and…

Q: (a) What is the difference between a state and a microstateof a system? (b) As a system goes from…

A: (a) State of system could be defined as external conditions in which the system is present.…

Q: 3. The maximum quantity of energy available for useful work in a system undergoing change is: A)…

A: The maximum amount of useful work is the work that has been done including expenditure of energy.

Q: What is the change in internal energy of the system (ΔU) if 65 kJ of heat energy is evolved by the…

A: As heat energy is evolved by the system, q will be -ve q=-65 kJ As work is done on the system, w…

Q: Consider the thermodynamic quantities E, 9, and w. Which of these quantities are state functions?

A: Examples of state functions ΔΗ,-ΔG ,ΔΤ Examples of path functions - work (w) - heat (q)…

Q: (1) What are the thermodynamlc quantitles of a system that affect the amount and algn of the…

A: a. i. The thermodynamic quantities that affect the amount and the sign of the internal energy change…

Q: Write any two consequences of the application of the second law of thermodynamics

A: Result of any action is known as the consequence of that application.

Q: Under what circumstance can the enthalpy of a system decrease for a spontaneous process?

A: Entropy measures the degree of randomness in the system. When a substance changes its phase solid to…

Q: a. For every cyclic process, the final state of the system is the same as the initial state. b. For…

A: In the given question we have to find out the given statement is true or false.  a)  It is true…

Q: Discuss the First and Second laws of thermodynamics with suitable examples and justification.

A: A question based on Thermodynamics, which is to be accomplished.

Q: Is there any connection between second law and third law of thermodynamics? Explain by giving…

A: Second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of an isolated system always increases and…

Q: Paraphrase the first and second laws of thermodynamics

A: To define: First and second law of thermodynamics.

Q: The study of thermodynamics involves work. O True O False

A: The study of thermodynamics involves work. The above statement that is true or false has to be given…

Q: Consider a process in which an ideal gas changes from state 1 to state 2 in such a way that its…

A: No, this is not an isothermal process. Temperature of initial state ( state 1 ) and final state (…

Q: Thermodynamic state functions include enthalpy, entropy, and _____________.

A: Thermodynamic state function having four states, but here only two is given remaining has to be…

Q: Exothermic Changes: the system by the surroundings the surroundings. The heat the freedom of motion…

A: Exothermic changes The system looses heat to the surrounding.the heat gain by the surrounding…

Q: Calculate a change in entropy for an irreversible process of a system and contrast with the change…

A: An irreversible process is a process that cannot return both the system and the surroundings to…