The preliminary 2018 income statement of Alexian Systems, Inc., is presented below:ALEXIAN SYSTEMS, INC.Income StatementFor the Year Ended December 31, 2018($ in millions, except earnings per share)Revenues and gains:Net sales $ 425Interest 3Other income 126Total revenues and gains 554Expenses:Cost of goods sold 270Selling and administrative 154Income taxes 52Total expenses 476Net Income $ 78Earnings per share $3.90Additional Information:1. Selling and administrative expenses include $26 million in restructuring costs.2. Included in other income is $120 million in income from a discontinued operation. This consists of $90 million in operating income and a $30 million gain on disposal. The remaining $6 million is from the gain onsale of investments.3. Cost of goods sold was increased by $5 million to correct an error in the calculation of 2017’s ending inventory. The amount is material.Required:For each of the three additional facts listed in the additional information, discuss the appropriate presentation ofthe item described. Do not prepare a revised statement.[This is a variation of the previous problem focusing on income statement presentation.]
Reporting Cash Flows
Reporting of cash flows means a statement of cash flow which is a financial statement. A cash flow statement is prepared by gathering all the data regarding inflows and outflows of a company. The cash flow statement includes cash inflows and outflows from various activities such as operating, financing, and investment. Reporting this statement is important because it is the main financial statement of the company.
Balance Sheet
A balance sheet is an integral part of the set of financial statements of an organization that reports the assets, liabilities, equity (shareholding) capital, other short and long-term debts, along with other related items. A balance sheet is one of the most critical measures of the financial performance and position of the company, and as the name suggests, the statement must balance the assets against the liabilities and equity. The assets are what the company owns, and the liabilities represent what the company owes. Equity represents the amount invested in the business, either by the promoters of the company or by external shareholders. The total assets must match total liabilities plus equity.
Financial Statements
Financial statements are written records of an organization which provide a true and real picture of business activities. It shows the financial position and the operating performance of the company. It is prepared at the end of every financial cycle. It includes three main components that are balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement.
Owner's Capital
Before we begin to understand what Owner’s capital is and what Equity financing is to an organization, it is important to understand some basic accounting terminologies. A double-entry bookkeeping system Normal account balances are those which are expected to have either a debit balance or a credit balance, depending on the nature of the account. An asset account will have a debit balance as normal balance because an asset is a debit account. Similarly, a liability account will have the normal balance as a credit balance because it is amount owed, representing a credit account. Equity is also said to have a credit balance as its normal balance. However, sometimes the normal balances may be reversed, often due to incorrect journal or posting entries or other accounting/ clerical errors.
The preliminary 2018 income statement of Alexian Systems, Inc., is presented below:
ALEXIAN SYSTEMS, INC.
Income Statement
For the Year Ended December 31, 2018
($ in millions, except earnings per share)
Revenues and gains:
Net sales $ 425
Interest 3
Other income 126
Total revenues and gains 554
Expenses:
Cost of goods sold 270
Selling and administrative 154
Income taxes 52
Total expenses 476
Net Income $ 78
Earnings per share $3.90
Additional Information:
1. Selling and administrative expenses include $26 million in restructuring costs.
2. Included in other income is $120 million in income from a discontinued operation. This consists of $90 million in operating income and a $30 million gain on disposal. The remaining $6 million is from the gain on
sale of investments.
3. Cost of goods sold was increased by $5 million to correct an error in the calculation of 2017’s ending inventory. The amount is material.
Required:
For each of the three additional facts listed in the additional information, discuss the appropriate presentation of
the item described. Do not prepare a revised statement.
[This is a variation of the previous problem focusing on income statement presentation.]
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