The profit or loss section of the statement of comprehensive income of CPA Company for the year ended December 31, 2021 reproduced below: Sales Cost of goods sold Gross profit Gain on sale of equipment Salaries expense Insurance expense Depreciation expense Profit before interest and income tax Interest expense Profit before income tax Income tax expense Profit The following information is also available: Decrease in accounts receivable Increase in inventory Decrease in accounts payable Increase in salaries payable Increase in prepaid insurance Decrease in interest payable Amortization of premium on bonds payable Increase in income tax payable Decrease in deferred tax assets Decrease in deferred tax liability P6,100,000 3,700,000 P2,400,000 100,000 (820,000) (380,000) 220,000 P1,080,000 120,000 P 960,000 288,000 P 672,000 P 120,000 280,000 160,000 100,000 180,000 30,000 25,000 18,000 40,000 22,000 Required: Prepare the operating activities section of the statement of cash flows using the dire method and indirect method.
Reporting Cash Flows
Reporting of cash flows means a statement of cash flow which is a financial statement. A cash flow statement is prepared by gathering all the data regarding inflows and outflows of a company. The cash flow statement includes cash inflows and outflows from various activities such as operating, financing, and investment. Reporting this statement is important because it is the main financial statement of the company.
Balance Sheet
A balance sheet is an integral part of the set of financial statements of an organization that reports the assets, liabilities, equity (shareholding) capital, other short and long-term debts, along with other related items. A balance sheet is one of the most critical measures of the financial performance and position of the company, and as the name suggests, the statement must balance the assets against the liabilities and equity. The assets are what the company owns, and the liabilities represent what the company owes. Equity represents the amount invested in the business, either by the promoters of the company or by external shareholders. The total assets must match total liabilities plus equity.
Financial Statements
Financial statements are written records of an organization which provide a true and real picture of business activities. It shows the financial position and the operating performance of the company. It is prepared at the end of every financial cycle. It includes three main components that are balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement.
Owner's Capital
Before we begin to understand what Owner’s capital is and what Equity financing is to an organization, it is important to understand some basic accounting terminologies. A double-entry bookkeeping system Normal account balances are those which are expected to have either a debit balance or a credit balance, depending on the nature of the account. An asset account will have a debit balance as normal balance because an asset is a debit account. Similarly, a liability account will have the normal balance as a credit balance because it is amount owed, representing a credit account. Equity is also said to have a credit balance as its normal balance. However, sometimes the normal balances may be reversed, often due to incorrect journal or posting entries or other accounting/ clerical errors.
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