The properties of life emerge at the biological level of the cell. The highly regulated process of apoptosis is not simply the destruction of a cell; it is also an emergent property. Write a short essay that briefly explains the role of apoptosis in the development and proper functioning of an animal, and describe how this form of programmed cell death is a process that emerges from the orderly integration of signaling pathways.

The properties of life emerge at the biological level of the cell. The highly regulated process of apoptosis is not simply the destruction of a cell; it is also an emergent property. Write a short essay that briefly explains the role of apoptosis in the development and proper functioning of an animal, and describe how this form of programmed cell death is a process that emerges from the orderly integration of signaling pathways.

Biology 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172517

Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Chapter9: Cell Communication

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1VCQ: Figure 9.8 HER2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase. In 30 percent of human breast cancers, HER2 is...

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WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION The properties oflife emerge at the biological level of the cell. The highly regulated process of apoptosis is not simply the destruction of acell; it is also an emergent property. Write a short essay (about100–150 words) that briefly explains the role of apoptosis inthe development and proper functioning of an animal, and describe how this form of programmed cell death is a process thatemerges from the orderly integration of signaling pathways.
The frog Xenopus laevis has often served as a model system for the study of apoptosis. Can you think of some reasons that frogs are particularly good models for the study of apoptosis?
Illustrate a complete cell signaling cascade from signal to response. Each protein in the pathways must be shown. You can choose either a GPCR or an RTK mediated pathway.
For cellular transduction, why is it useful that phosphorylation cascades have a series of protein kinases? a. they amplify the original signal b. they always lead to the same cellular response c. the number of molecules used is small and fixed d. they are cell specific
Provide an overview of the cell signaling process.
Cell Communications Explain the role of the trans-membrane and the intracellular protein receptors in cell signaling (provide an example of each).
What is the role of negative feedback in a cell-signalling pathway? To switch off a signal once of the output reaches a certain threshold To trigger the degradation of upstream signalling components To amplify the output of a signal To ensure a signal is transient
This pertains to membrane transport and cell signaling. Give an example in animals and in plants where the two signaling and responding cells are in direct contact.
You are interested in monitoring the movement of a protein kinase called PKB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus during a signaling pathway that is active in brain cells. If you wanted to monitor the changes in the subcellular location of PKB, describe one way you could do that and explain why you think it would provide insights into how PKB changes its subcellular location.
What is the main benefit of cell signaling over long distances (ex: signaling via hormone secretion into the bloodstream)?
Cell signaling in plant and animal cells is similar in some ways and different in others. What are some examples of this?
Which of the following are methods of cellular signaling? Select one: a. All the answers are correct. b. Connections through fibers of the ECM from one cell to another c. Ligand binding to a receptor in the cell membrane d. Desmosomes ‘pulling’ one cell to another e. Lipid or gas ligand binding to an intracellular receptor