The recommended starting dosage used for treating congestive heart failure for most patients is 0.25mg of digoxin, once daily. The mean half-life for digoxin elimination is about 1.6 days or 38.4 hours in individuals whose renal and hepatic function are normal. This means the amount of digoxin will be eliminated from the body at an average rate of 1.79% per hour What is the decay factor per day?

Q: A thyroid cancer patient is given a dosage of 131 I (half-life=8.1 d) What fraction of the dosage of…

A:

Q: In 1991, German tourists discovered the well-preserved remains of a man, now called “Ötzi the…

A: When scientists date a sample it is essential that the isotope which is used to date the sample…

Q: A radiation worker stands 50 cm away from a radioactive source of 25 mCi "Co. Calculate the exposure…

A:

Q: A small region of a cancer patient’s brain is exposed for 24.0 min to 475 Bq of radioactivity from…

A: Given data: Time t=24 min =1440seconds Emission rate =475 Bq Amount of dose =1.858g=0.001 Energy E=…

Q: A 5,560 Ci 60 Co source used for cancer therapy is considered too weak to be useful when its…

A: Given, The activity of  C60o used for cancer therapy = 5,560 Ci = R0 The reduced activity of C60o…

Q: Calculate the mih required to remove an alpha Particle 238 From the Uranium ISoto Pe 92

A:

Q: Tritium (half-life = 12.3 yr) is used to verify the age of expensive brandies. If an old brandy…

A: Given: The half-life of tritium = 12.3 years Amount of tritium present in the old brand =1256

Q: From the equation expressing the law of radioactive decay, derive the following useful expressions…

A: Given: The time interval is Δt. Initially the number of atoms is R. After time Δt the number of…

Q: Radioactive indium-111 has an effective half-life of 2.5 days.If a dose with an activity of 3.0 mCi…

A:

Q: A thyroid cancer patient is given a dosage of 131I (half-life = 8.1 d). What fraction of the dosage…

A:

Q: In a nuclear medicine scan with 99mTc (t/2 = 6hrs), the signal-to-noise ratio Image size for a 30…

A: Given, Scan of 99mTC Initial Dose, Di=1 mCi Value of SNR = 50:1 Initial time, ti=30 min Final Dose,…

Q: (a) the initial activity in curies | µCi (b) the number of radium nuclei remaining after 4.3x10 yr…

A: Step:1∙The half  life of radioactive  nucleus  22688Ra  is 1.6×103year∙Initial  No. of  nuclei…

Q: A radiation worker stands 35 cm away from a radioactive source of 30 mCi (11.1 GBq) 9mTc (k, for…

A: The exposure rate is given by

Q: A cobalt-60 source with activity 2.60×10-4 Ci is embedded in a tumor that has mas 0.20 kg. The…

A: a) The required delivered energy to the tumor per second is, b) The required absorbed dose is,

Q: The β-particles emitted in the decay of 3H (tritium) interact with matter to create light in a…

A: Relation between half -life and activity can be express as -  NNo=(12)tt12 .....(1) Given and known…

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A: The energy of the bombs in joules is Convert joules to kilowatt-hour.

Q: Because of the 1986 explosion and fire in a reactor at theChernobyl nuclear power plant in northern…

A: Assume that the area is 1m2. Here, 1×1016Bq is spread uniformly over an area of 2.6×105km2, in 1m2…

Q: As a health physicist, you are being consulted about a spill in a radiochemistry lab. The isotope…

A:

Q: 85Sr is a short-lived (half-life 65 days) isotope used in bone scans. A typical patient receives a…

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A: Hai, since there are multiple sub parts posted, we will answer the first three sub parts. i.The…

Q: Tritium (half-life = 12.3 yr) is used to verify the age of expensive brandies. If an old brandy…

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A: Formula to calculate the required time is,

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A:

Q: Find the average binding energy per nucleon of

A:

Q: Draw a plot of the binding energy per nucleon as a function of mass number for a large number of…

A: Draw a plot of the  for a large number of nuclei, 2 ≤ A ≤ 240. How do you explain the constancy of…

Q: Carbon 14 activity of 130 gram sample of wood. Bq is 2.22. How old is sample in years?

A: The original activity of wood is 13.6 counts per minute. Thus, initial activity is, A0=13.660130…

Q: A cobalt-60 source with activity 2.60×10-4 Ci is embedded in a tumor that has mas 0.20 kg. The…

A: Given:

Q: A cobalt-60 source with activity 2.60×10-4 Ci is embedded in a tumor that has mass 0.20 kg. The…

A: Since there are five more questions and few questions have multiple sub-parts. we will solve the…

Q: A cobalt-60 source with activity 2.60×10-4 Ci is embedded in a tumor that has mas 0.20 kg. The…

A:

Q: A generator contains 500 mCi of Ba-131 (Half life = 11.6 d) producing the daughter 131 Cs (half life…

A: a). In this question we are given that a generator contains 500 m Ci of Ba-131 (Half life = 11.6 d)…

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A: GivenHalf life (T1/2)=6.05 hActivity of sample (A0)=1.5×104   Bq

Q: Tritium (half-life = 12.3 yr) is used to verify the age of expensive brandies. If an old brandy…

A: N/N0 = (1/2)n  N = total time / T1/2

Q: You have a 1 Ci sample of Th 232 which as a measured half-life of 1.45 x 1010 years. From the…

A: Half life of Th-232: T1/2=1.45×1010 yearInitial activity: Ao=1 Ci= 3.7×1010…

Q: iodine 131 has a half life of 8.04 days if you start with a radioactivr I 131 sample having an…

A: Half life of I-131 isotope = 8.04 days Initial activity (Ao) = 40 micro Ci Final activity (A) = 4…

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A:

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A: RBE is an abbreviation used for Relative Biological Effectiveness.

Q: The range of a beta particle with IMEV energy in aluminum if its density is 2.698 gm/cm3 and it has…

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Q: In 1992, Swiss police arrested two men who were attempting to smuggle osmium out of Eastern Europe…

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Q: In a certain town, the average yearly background radiation consists of 27.7 mrad of X-rays and γ…

A: The relation between dose in rem in terms of dose in rad is:

Q: If the minimum usable activity is 10 mCi, how long after delivery at the hospital is the sample…

A: Initial activity of C137s : Ao = 125 m Ci = 0.125 Ci Half-life of sample: ζ = 32.8 hours Activity at…

Q: A 60Co source with activity 15.0 Ci is embedded in a tumor that has a mass of 0.500kg. The Co source…

A: (a) energy delivered to the tumor per second

Nuclear Reactions

Nuclear reactions are processes in which the fundamental characteristics of a nucleus changes. They change into a completely different nucleus. These processes occur naturally in an unstable nucleus. Bombarding an energetic particle can induce nuclear reactions.  In this article, both the naturally occurring nuclear reactions are termed as radioactive decay and the induced nuclear reactions are further categorized as nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.