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A: To find : What higer indifference curves
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Q: The exception to law of demand is
A: To find : Which is exception to law of Demand.
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A: Marginal cost (MC) is the change in total cost or total variable cost per unit change in output.
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A:
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The travel cost method is capable of estimating both use and non-use values for environmental quality changes.
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- Which of the following is not a method typically used for supplementary analysis of engineering economy problems? a. Break-even analysis b. Depreciation analysis c. Risk analysis d. Sensitivity analysis.Two remediation options are being considered for a contaminated land area formerly used for industrial operations. Option 1 involves removing all of the contaminated soil over a two-year period at a cost of 2.2 million per year. Option 2 is to leave the soil in place but treat it with a bioremediation agent at a cost of 960,000/year over a three-year period. Subsequently, the soil would be sampled each for the next five years to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment system. The cost of the sampling program would be 250,000 the first year and 100,000/year for the remaining years.Draw a cash flow diagram for each of the two options.Calculate the net present value of each option based on discount rate of 6 percent/year.Which option has the lowest overall cost? What is the difference in the total cost between the two options based on NPV? Give your answer both in dollars and as a percentage difference.A PAM partner company won a tender to provide clean water distribution facilities in an area that is being developed as a tourist area. There are 2 alternatives that can be taken in implementing the project. The first alternative requires construction and installation costs of IDR 10 million per kilometer with maintenance costs of IDR 0.35 million per kilometer per year. The remaining value is estimated at IDR 1 million per kilometer at the end of the 20th year. The second alternative requires construction and installation costs of IDR 7 million per kilometer with maintenance costs of IDR 0.40 million per kilometer per year. The remaining value is estimated at IDR 1.2 million per kilometer at the end of the 20th year. If the company chooses the first alternative, the length of the pipe that must be installed is 10 kilometers, and if the second alternative the length of the cable is 16 kilometers. Determine which alternative is more efficient using MARR = 11%!
- The marginal damage cost equation for carbon monoxide (CO) in urban areas is: MDCU = 36E; The marginal damage cost equation for CO in rural areas is: MDCR = 6E.The marginal abatement cost equation for CO is: MAC = 400 - 4E What is the total compliance cost under this scheme?A textile processing company is evaluating whether it should retain the current bleaching process that uses chlorine dioxide or replace it with a proprietary oxypure process. The relevant information for each process is shown. Use an interest rate of 15% per year to perform the replacement study. Additionally, write the PMT functions that display the information necessary to make the decision. Process Current Oxypure Original cost 6 years ago, $ 450,000 — Investment cost now, $ — 600,000 Current market value, $ 25,000 — Annual operating cost, $/year 190,000 70,000 Remaining life, years 3 10 Salvage value, $ 0 50,000Two incinerators are being considered by a waste management company. Design A has an initial cost of $2,500,000, has annual operating and maintenance costs of $800,000, and requires overhauls every 5 years at a cost of $1,250,000. Design B is more sophisticated, including computer controls; it has an initial cost of $5,750,000, has annual operating and maintenance costs of $600,000, and requires overhauls every 10 years at a cost of $3,000,000. Using a 5%/year interest rate, determine the capitalized cost for each design and recommend which should be chosen.
- A pump for a reservoir must be operated continuously (8,760 hours per year). In the event of a large storm, the electricity from the local utility’s power grid may be interrupted for an indefinite period of time. To deal with this emergency situation, two mutually exclusive backup diesel generators are being investigated. One of them will be chosen for implementation. Relevantdata are provided as follows: If salvage values of both generators are negligible and the study period is 60 years, which generator should be chosen? The MARR is 10% per yearAn investment of P 250,000 can be made in a project that will produce a uniform annual revenue of P 192,800 for 5 years and then have a salvage value of 10% of the first cost. Operation and maintenance will be P 72,000 per year. Taxes and insurance will be 4% of the first cost per year. The company expects capital to earn 20% before income taxes. Show whether or not the investment is justified economically using1. ROR method2. payout methodMother E, a business selling specialized helmet, has a carrying cost of P70 per unit per order. In order to satisfy the customers coming from various places, they order every 4 months. The stockout cost is P50 per unit per year. The following are the demand for specialized helmet Demand during lead time Probability 50 .1 60 .2 70 .2 80 .2 90 .1 The reorder point is 70 units. What level of safety stock should be maintained?
- Waste Concern, a hybrid profit/nonprofit enterprise started in Bangladesh 15 years ago, has built the capacity to convert 700 tons of trash, collected daily from neighborhood slums, into organic fertilizer, thereby increasing crop yields and reducing CO2 emissions. It is an example of…………….. Industrial ecology Environmental Management Systems [EMS] ISO 14001 The shared value propositionOutline Maintenance Implementation Strategies for the following:1.Management roles2.Engineer roles3.Technologist/Technician roles4.Operator roles.A public utility in a medium-size city is considering two cash rebate programs to achieve water conservation. Program 1, which is expected to cost an average of $60 per household, provides a rebate of 75% of the purchase and installation costs of an ultra-low-flush toilet ($100 max). This program is projected to achieve a 5% reduction in overall household water use over a 5-year evaluation period. This will benefit the citizenry to the extent of $1.25 per household per month. Program 2 involves turf replacement with xeric (low water need) landscaping. The program is expected to cost $500 per household, but it will result in reduced water cost estimated at $8 per household per month (on the average). Use the B/C method at a discount rate of 0.5% per month to determine which program, if any, the utility should undertake. The programs may be (a) mutually exclusive, or (b) independent