The various forms of vitamin KFunction as cofactors for enzymes with a key role in blood coagulationO Function as cofactors in the blood coagulation pathway, and as chemical antioxidantsHave different functions; one form is an enzyme cofactor, and another is a potent antioxidantO All serve as antioxidants

Vitamin K is a fat soluble vitamin. This vitamin was originally identified for its role in the…

Answered: The various forms of vitamin K Function…

BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS+APPL.(LOOSELEAF)

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305967359

Author:STARR

Publisher:STARR

Chapter35: Respiration

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 9SA

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When the production of acetyl-CoA exceeds the body’scapacity to oxidize it, acetoacetate, b-hydroxybutyrate, andacetone accumulate. When generated in large amounts, thesesubstances can exceed the blood’s buffering capacity. As theblood pH falls, the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen isaffected. Subsequently, the brain can be starved for oxygen,and a fatal coma can result. Explain how severe dieting canproduce this condition.
A crocodile, which can remain underwater without breathing for up to 1 hour drowns its air-breathing prey, then dines at its leisure. An adaptation that aids the crocodile in doing so is that it can utilize virtually 100% of the O2 in its blood whereas humans, for example, can only extract about 65% of the O2 in their blood. Crocodile Hb does not bind BPG. However, crocodile deoxyHb preferentially binds HCO3-. How does this help the crocodile obtain its dinner? Please help explain why/if this is the answer, thank you! As CO2 concentrations increase so will the concentration of HCO3-. The HCO3- preferentially binds to the crocodile's deoxyhemoglobin, which allosterically prompts the hemoglobin to assume the deoxy conformation and thus release its O2.
which of adult haemoglobin or foetal haemoglobin will have a lower P50 value for binding O2. Be sure to define the term P50 and mention at a molecular level what interactions and structure differences are contribute to the observed values.
Density lipoprotein,reduces the risk of atherosclerosis by clearing out fatty plaques in the blood vessels
Consumption of nitrate-rich vegetables such as spinach have been shown to reduce blood pressure in prehypertensive individuals (i.e., those having no history of clinical hypertension), a phenomenon attributed to increased nitric oxide synthesis. Describe the reactions that convert nitrate (NO3 −) to nitric oxide (NO•) in the body.
Under starvation conditions, death usually occurs before thebody’s energy reserves are totally exhausted. Suggest areason for this phenomenon.
Understanding the Mechanism of Hemolytic Anemia Genetic defects in glycolytic enzymes can have serious consequences for humans For example, defects in the gene for pyruvate kinase can result in a condition known as hemolytic anemia. Consult a reference to learn about hemolytic anemia, and discuss why such genetic defects lead to this condition.
A person was found to have very low levels of functional beta globin mRNA and therefore very low levels of the beta globin protein. What problems would this cause for assembling functional haemoglobin molecules?
Characterizing Glycolysis List the reactions of glycolysis that a. are energy consuming (under standard-stale conditions), b. are energy yielding (under standard-state conditions), c. consume ATP. d. yield ATP e. are strongly influenced by changes in concentration of substrate and product because of their molecularity. f. are at or near equilibrium in the erythrocyte (see Table 18.2).
Consider the synthesis and degradation of tyrosine as shown in Figures 25.37, 25.38, and 25.48 to determine where the carbon atoms in PEP and erythrose-4-P would end up in acetoacetate and fumarate.
Vitamin K is important for blood coagulation. Explain why.
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is sold as a nutritionalsupplement. One company uses this marketing slogan for CoQ: “Give your heart thefuel it craves most.” Considering the role ofcoenzyme Q, critique this claim. How do youthink this product might function to benefitthe heart? Is CoQ used as a “fuel” during cellular respiration?

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