There are two incomplete-dominant alleles for petal color in a population of flowers. 36% of the flowers have red petals, 16% of the organisms have white petals, and 48% of the flowers have pink petals. What percentage of alleles in this population code for red petals (R)? Phenotype Genotype Red RR Pink Rr White rr
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- A botanist studying water lilies in an isolated pond observedthree leaf shapes in the population: round, arrowhead, and scalloped.Marker analysis of DNA from 125 individuals showed theround-leaf plants to be homozygous for allele r1, while the plantswith arrowhead leaves were homozygous for a different allele atthe same locus, r2. Plants with scalloped leaves showed DNA profileswith both the r1 and r2 alleles. Frequency of the r1 allele wasestimated at 0.81. If the botanist counted 20 plants with scallopedleaves in the pond, what is the inbreeding coefficient F forthis population?In human population A, hitchhiker's thumb is a simple Mendelian trait. For this trait, N is the dominant allele and n is the recessive allele. Individuals who are homozygous dominant (NN) or heterozygous (Nn) express nonhitchhiker's thumbs. Individuals who are homozygous recessive (nn) express hitchhiker's thumbs. In this population, 90% (0.9) of the alleles are dominant (N) and 10% (0.1) are recessive (n). • Use the Hardy-Weinberg equation to determine the genotype frequencies we should expect in the next generation. Show your work for your answer. • You have collected data on the observed genotype frequencies of the next generation. They are 70% NN, 20% Nn, and 10% nn. Based on these observations and your expectations, is this trait currently evolving in this population? Why or why not?We toss a fair coin 60 times and get the following initial population: s1 = 1111111111 s2 = 1111011111 s3 = 1110110111 s4 = 1101010111 s5 = 1110010101 s6 = 0100110000Apply Genetic algorithm using the following rules. i. After applying fitness and rearrangement, apply crossover between:a. s1’ and s4’ after 2nd gene.b. s2’ and s5’ after 3rd gene.c. s3’ and s6’ after 4th gene.ii. Consider your chromosome as x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8x9x10a. Mutate x3 and x5 in the updated s1’.b. Mutate x4 and x9 in the updated s2’.c. Mutate x3 in the updated s3’.iii. The updated fitnes
- Figure 19-9 shows the trait distributions before and aftera cycle of artificial selection. Does the variance of thetrait appear to have changed as a result of selection?Explain.In a certain population of mice, a single gene controls fur color. There are two possible alleles: B, which leads to a black fur, and W, which leads to white fur. Individuals with the genotype BB will have a black fur, individuals with the genotype WW will have white fur, and individuals with the genotype BW will have gray fur. Scientists recorded the fur color of 1,000 mice from the population. They found that 200 mice have black fur, 400 have gray fur, and 400 have white fur. Ten years later, the measurements are repeated. Again, they recorded the fur color of 1,000 mice. They found that 400 have black fur, 400 have gray fur, and 200 have white fur. Part A: Show the Hardy-Weinberg calculations for the beginning and ending populations. Include the values for the equation as well as the p and q values. Show your work. Part B: Use the Hardy-Weinberg calculation to explain if this population is evolving or not. Then propose a hypothesis about the environment of these mice that would lead…What is the chi-square value of the pumpkin population? round up and use four decimal points After doing some crosses and genotyping some individuals, you determined that the number of individuals homozygous dominant for the largest pumpkin allele is 98, 80 are heterozygous for medium size, and 20 are homozygous recessive for small size.
- In a population of flowers growing in a meadow, C1C1 and C2C2 are autosomal codominant alleles that control flower color. The alleles are polymorphic in the population, with ff (C1)(C1) = 0.8 and ff (C2)(C2) = 0.2. Flowers that are C1C1C1C1 are yellow, orange flowers are C1C2C1C2, and C2C2C2C2 flowers are red. A storm blows a new species of hungry insects into the meadow, and they begin to eat yellow and orange flowers but not red flowers. The predation exerts strong natural selection on the flower population, resulting in relative fitness values of C1C1C1C1 = 0.30, C1C2C1C2 = 0.60, and C2C2C2C2 = 1.0. A. Assuming the population begins in H−WH−W equilibrium, what is C1C1 allele frequency after one generation of natural selection? B.Assuming the population begins in H−WH−W equilibrium, what is C2C2 allele frequency after one generation of natural selection? C.In corn, kernel color is governed by a dominant allele for white color (W) and by a recessive allele for yellow (w). A random sample of 152 kernels from a population that is in Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium reveals that 35 kernels are yellow and 117 kernels are white. What is the frequency of individuals with the homozygous dominant genotype?A population of self-pollinating pea plants has two genes; T (tall, dominant) and t (short, recessive). Suppose we have an isolated population in which 50% of the genes in the gene pool are dominant T, and the other 50% are recessive t. What percent of the population has each genotype? TT % Tt % tt % What percent of the population has each phenotype? tall % short %
- Two SNPs are located in the short arm of chromosome 12. SNP1 has allele frequencies of 60% T and 40% C, and SNP2 has allele frequencies of 40% A and 60% G. What is the frequency of the haplotype T-G in a population if the two SNPs are in absolute linkage disequilibrium and if they are in linkage equilibrium?In corn, yellow kernel color is governed by a dominant allele for white color, W, and by its recessive allele, w, . A random sample of 100 kernels from a population that is in equilibrium reveals that 9 are yellow and 91 are white. What are the frequencies of the yellow and white alleles in this population? What is the percentage of the heterozygotes?Among a particular population of 100 plants, red flowers are dominant and yellow flowers are recessive. F is the dominant allele and f is the recessive allele. 40 plants are homozygous dominant • 44 plants are heterozygous 16 plants are homozygous recessive Use the Hardy-Weinberg equation to calculate the equilibrium frequencies of each genotype