This graph shows how the vapor pressure of three liquids varies with temperature: 900 800 700 600 + 500 400 300I - adetic acid - toluene - ethylbenzene 200 100 100 110 120 130 140 temperature, °C Use the graph to answer the following questions: Which liquid is the most volatile? most volatile: choose one Which is the least volatile? least volatile: choose one acetic acid: What is the normal boiling point of each liquid? Note: your answer must be within 1°C of the exact answer to be graded correct. toluene: ethylbenzene: more Suppose a beaker of toluene is put inside a sealed tank containing toluene gas at 109. degree C and 511. torr. After ten minutes, will there be more liquid in the beaker, less liquid, or the same amount? O less the same ? vapor pressure, torr

This graph shows how the vapor pressure of three liquids varies with temperature: 900 800 700 600 + 500 400 300I - adetic acid - toluene - ethylbenzene 200 100 100 110 120 130 140 temperature, °C Use the graph to answer the following questions: Which liquid is the most volatile? most volatile: choose one Which is the least volatile? least volatile: choose one acetic acid: What is the normal boiling point of each liquid? Note: your answer must be within 1°C of the exact answer to be graded correct. toluene: ethylbenzene: more Suppose a beaker of toluene is put inside a sealed tank containing toluene gas at 109. degree C and 511. torr. After ten minutes, will there be more liquid in the beaker, less liquid, or the same amount? O less the same ? vapor pressure, torr

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity

9th Edition

ISBN:9781133949640

Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel

Publisher:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel

Chapter11: Intermolecular Forces And Liquids

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 33GQ

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Diethyl ether (CH3CH2OCH2CH3) was one of the first chemicals used as an anesthetic. At 34.6C, diethyl ether has a vapor pressure of 760. torr, and at 17.9C, it has a vapor pressure of 400. torr. What is the H of vaporization for diethyl ether?
Classify each of the following statements as true or false. a Intermolecular attractions are stronger in liquids than in gases. b Substances with weak intermolecular attractions generally have low vapor pressures. c Liquids with high molar heats of vaporization usually are more viscous than liquids with low molar heats of vaporization. d A substance with a relatively high surface tension usually has a very low boiling point. e All other things being equal, hydrogen bonds are weaker than induced dipole or dipole forces. f Induced dipole forces become very strong between large molecules. g Other things being equal, nonpolar molecules have stronger intermolecular attractions than polar molecules. h The essential feature of a dynamic equilibrium is that the rates of opposing changes are equal. i Equilibrium vapor pressure depends on the concentration of a vapor above its own liquid. j The heat of vaporization is equal to the heat of fusion, but with opposite sign. k The boiling point of a liquid is a fixed property of the liquid. l If you break shatter an amorphous solid, it will break in straight lines, but if you break a crystalline solid, it will break in curved lines. m Ionic crystals are seldom soluble in water. n Molecular crystals are nearly always soluble in water. o The numerical value of heat of vaporization is always larger than the numerical value of heat of condensation. p The units of heat of fusion are kJ/gC. q The temperature of water drops while it is freezing. r Specific heat is conerned with a change in temperature.
What are intermolecular forces? How do they differ from intramolecular forces? What are dipole-dipole forces? How do typical dipole-dipole forces differ from hydrogen bonding interactions? In what ways are they similar? What are London dispersion forces? How do typical London dispersion forces differ from dipole-dipole forces? In what ways are they similar? Describe the relationship between molecular size and strength of London dispersion forces. Place the major types of intermolecular forces in order of increasing strength. Is there some overlap? That is, can the strongest London dispersion forces be greater than some dipole-dipole forces? Give an example of such an instance.
A 1.50-g sample of methanol (CH3OH) is placed in an evacuated 1.00-L container at 30 C. (a) Calculate the pressure in the container if all of the methanol is vaporized. (Assume the ideal gas law, PV = nRT.) (b) The vapor pressure of methanol at 30 C is 158 torr. What mass of methanol actually evaporates? Is liquid in equilibrium with vapor in the vessel?
Of the four general types of solids, which one(s) (a) are generally insoluble in water? (b) have very high melting points? (c) conduct electricity as solids?
Identify two common observations indicating some liquids have sufficient vapor pressures to noticeably evaporate?
Of the four general types of solids, which one(s) (a) are generally low-boiling? (b) are ductile and malleable? (c) are generally soluble in nonpolar solvents?