Database System Concepts
Database System Concepts
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780078022159
Author: Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Concept explainers

Array
The simplest way to start thinking about an array is as a collection, or a set of elements. In programming, these elements may be constants, variables, functions and pointers.
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Java

```java /** * This method swaps the first and second half of the given array. * @param values an array */ public void swapFirstAndSecondHalf(int[] values) { int[] first = new int[values.length / 2]; int[] second = new int[values.length / 2]; for (int i = 0; i < values.length / 2; i++) { first[i] = values[i]; second[i] = values[i]; } for (int j = values.length / 2; j < values.length; j++) { first[j] = values[j]; } for (int k = 0; k < values.length / 2; k++) { values[k] = first[k]; } for (int l = values.length / 2; l < values.length; l++) { values[l] = second[l]; } } // This method is used to check your work public int[] check(int[] values) { swapFirstAndSecondHalf(values); return values; } ``` ### Explanation: - **swapFirstAndSecondHalf Method:** This method takes an array `values` as input and swaps its first and second halves. It divides the input array into two halves, stores these halves in two separate arrays (`first` and `second`), and then swaps them by replacing the values. - **check Method:** This method is used to verify the swap operation. It calls the `swapFirstAndSecondHalf` method on the input array `values` and returns the modified array. The code uses loops to iterate through the array to divide and swap the halves.
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Transcribed Image Text:```java /** * This method swaps the first and second half of the given array. * @param values an array */ public void swapFirstAndSecondHalf(int[] values) { int[] first = new int[values.length / 2]; int[] second = new int[values.length / 2]; for (int i = 0; i < values.length / 2; i++) { first[i] = values[i]; second[i] = values[i]; } for (int j = values.length / 2; j < values.length; j++) { first[j] = values[j]; } for (int k = 0; k < values.length / 2; k++) { values[k] = first[k]; } for (int l = values.length / 2; l < values.length; l++) { values[l] = second[l]; } } // This method is used to check your work public int[] check(int[] values) { swapFirstAndSecondHalf(values); return values; } ``` ### Explanation: - **swapFirstAndSecondHalf Method:** This method takes an array `values` as input and swaps its first and second halves. It divides the input array into two halves, stores these halves in two separate arrays (`first` and `second`), and then swaps them by replacing the values. - **check Method:** This method is used to verify the swap operation. It calls the `swapFirstAndSecondHalf` method on the input array `values` and returns the modified array. The code uses loops to iterate through the array to divide and swap the halves.
### Test Case Analysis This table outlines several test cases for a Java method programmed to swap the first and second halves of an integer array. Below are the details for each case: #### Table Columns: - **Name**: Describes the test status (pass/fail). - **Arguments**: Shows the input array to the method. - **Actual**: Displays the result or error message after running the method. - **Expected**: Shows the expected result for the test to pass. #### Test Results: 1. **Test Case 1** - **Name**: fail - **Arguments**: `check new int[] {1, 2, 3, 4}` - **Actual**: ``` Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 2 out of bounds for length 2 at Swapper.swapFirstAndSecondHalf(Swapper.java:15) at Swapper.check(Swapper.java:35) at SwapperCodeCheck.main(SwapperCodeCheck.java:38) ``` - **Expected**: `[3, 4, 1, 2]` 2. **Test Case 2** - **Name**: fail - **Arguments**: `check new int[] {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}` - **Actual**: ``` Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 2 out of bounds for length 2 at Swapper.swapFirstAndSecondHalf(Swapper.java:15) at Swapper.check(Swapper.java:35) at SwapperCodeCheck.main(SwapperCodeCheck.java:48) ``` - **Expected**: `[4, 5, 3, 1, 2]` 3. **Test Case 3** - **Name**: pass - **Arguments**: `check new int[] {}` - **Actual**: `[]` - **Expected**: `[]` ### Explanation: - **Error Analysis**: - The first two test cases fail due to an `ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException`, indicating an issue in the `swapFirstAndSecondHalf()` method when attempting to access an array index that exceeds its bounds. This suggests a logical error in handling array operations, likely
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Transcribed Image Text:### Test Case Analysis This table outlines several test cases for a Java method programmed to swap the first and second halves of an integer array. Below are the details for each case: #### Table Columns: - **Name**: Describes the test status (pass/fail). - **Arguments**: Shows the input array to the method. - **Actual**: Displays the result or error message after running the method. - **Expected**: Shows the expected result for the test to pass. #### Test Results: 1. **Test Case 1** - **Name**: fail - **Arguments**: `check new int[] {1, 2, 3, 4}` - **Actual**: ``` Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 2 out of bounds for length 2 at Swapper.swapFirstAndSecondHalf(Swapper.java:15) at Swapper.check(Swapper.java:35) at SwapperCodeCheck.main(SwapperCodeCheck.java:38) ``` - **Expected**: `[3, 4, 1, 2]` 2. **Test Case 2** - **Name**: fail - **Arguments**: `check new int[] {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}` - **Actual**: ``` Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 2 out of bounds for length 2 at Swapper.swapFirstAndSecondHalf(Swapper.java:15) at Swapper.check(Swapper.java:35) at SwapperCodeCheck.main(SwapperCodeCheck.java:48) ``` - **Expected**: `[4, 5, 3, 1, 2]` 3. **Test Case 3** - **Name**: pass - **Arguments**: `check new int[] {}` - **Actual**: `[]` - **Expected**: `[]` ### Explanation: - **Error Analysis**: - The first two test cases fail due to an `ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException`, indicating an issue in the `swapFirstAndSecondHalf()` method when attempting to access an array index that exceeds its bounds. This suggests a logical error in handling array operations, likely
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This program is a java program. So we can use System.arraycopy() instead of all for a loop.

So, we are using solve the above problem of System.arraycopy() for all loops.

 

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