TLRs activate NFkB, AP-1, and IRF transcription factors to induce the expression of inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons. A key feature of TLR signaling is the ability to induce inflammatory cytokine gene expression extremely rapidly following TLR stimulation. This is accomplished by signaling pathways using several mechanisms to activate transcription factors that are already present in the cell prior to TLR stimulation, but are kept in an inactive state. These signaling pathways use all of the following mechanisms EXCEPT: Induced ubiquitination leading to protein degradation Induced ubiquitination inducing protein–protein interactions Induced phosphorylation leading to nuclear translocation Induced phosphorylation leading to kinase activation Induced phosphorylation preventing protein degradation
TLRs activate NFkB, AP-1, and IRF transcription factors to induce the expression of inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons. A key feature of TLR signaling is the ability to induce inflammatory cytokine gene expression extremely rapidly following TLR stimulation. This is accomplished by signaling pathways using several mechanisms to activate transcription factors that are already present in the cell prior to TLR stimulation, but are kept in an inactive state. These signaling pathways use all of the following mechanisms EXCEPT: Induced ubiquitination leading to protein degradation Induced ubiquitination inducing protein–protein interactions Induced phosphorylation leading to nuclear translocation Induced phosphorylation leading to kinase activation Induced phosphorylation preventing protein degradation
Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Chapter9: Cell Communication
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 13RQ: A scientist observes a mutation in the transmembrane region of EGFR that eliminates its ability to...
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TLRs activate NFkB, AP-1, and IRF transcription factors to induce the expression of inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons. A key feature of TLR signaling is the ability to induce inflammatory cytokine gene expression extremely rapidly following TLR stimulation. This is accomplished by signaling pathways using several mechanisms to activate transcription factors that are already present in the cell prior to TLR stimulation, but are kept in an inactive state. These signaling pathways use all of the following mechanisms EXCEPT:
- Induced ubiquitination leading to protein degradation
- Induced ubiquitination inducing protein–protein interactions
- Induced phosphorylation leading to nuclear translocation
- Induced phosphorylation leading to kinase activation
- Induced phosphorylation preventing protein degradation
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